Yong Bae Park

Effect of Shading Level on Growth and Morphological Characteristics of Ligularia fischeri Seedling

This study was carried out to survey the early growth characteristics of Ligularia fischeri, plants of halfshaded grounds, primarily used as functional wild edible greens and examine its shading treatment to transplant seedling. The shading treatment was regulated with the shading level(full sunlight, 35%, 50%, 75%, and 95% of full sunlight). According to the experiment, the height was the highest under 75% of shading (17.3 cm), and root diameter was the highest under full sunlight (2.13 mm). It was found that fresh weight (leaf, shoot, root and whole) was the highest (1.784 g, 1.330 g, 0.791 g, 3.905 g respectively ) under 50% of shading. In case of dry weight, leaf, shoot and whole dry weight were surveyed the highest under 35% of shading, and root dry weight was the highest under full sunlight. It was found that S/R ratio and moisture contents (leaf, shoot, root and whole) were the highest under 95% of shading. Leaf area was the highest under 50% of shading (39.3 cm) and the higher shading level, the higher SLA and LAR. It was surveyed that the higher shading level, the thinner leaf thickness. In case of root characteristics, it was showed that the relatively high height growth under 35%~75% of shading, excepting 95% of shading. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that the early growth of L. fischeri is more effective in producing it under 50% of shading. Additional

Characteristics of Growth and Root Development of Peucedanum japonicum Seedling by Shading Rate and Container Size

*Southern Forest Resources Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute, Jinju 660-300, Korea.**Department of Environmental Design, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.ABSTRACT : This study was carried out in order to investigate the early growth and root development characteristics ofPeucedanum japonicum container seedlings. The experiment was performed by containers (128 and 200 cavities containers)and shading levels (0%, 35%, 50% and 75% shading). Germination rate of P. japonicum seeds was getting higher in thelower shading level and the highest in the full sunlight (71.9%). Plant height was the highest under 50% shading of allcontainers. Fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot (leaves + stem) were the highest under 50% shading of all containers,too. Meanwhile, fresh weight and dry weight of the root per plant were the highest under the full sunlight of 128 cavitiescontainer such as 0.34 g and 0.03 g, respectively. Total root length, root project area and root surface area were higher underthe full sunlight of 128 cavities container such as 234.5㎝, 6.6㎠ and 20.8㎠, respectively and the next higher was under35% shading such as 201.7 ㎝, 5.9 ㎠ and 18.4 ㎠, respectively. A case of root volume was the highest with 0.15 ㎤ under thefull sunlight. As a result of the surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that the shoot and root of P. japonicum seed-ling grow nicely by maintaining 35% shading. Key Words : Early Growth, Germination Rate, Peucedanum japonicum, Root Development

Growth and Root Development Characteristics of Atractylodes japonica Seedlings by Different Relative Light Intensity

*Southern Forest Resources Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute, Jinju 660-300, Korea.**Department of Environmental Design, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.ABSTRACT : This study was carried out in order to investigate the early growth and root development characteristics ofAtractylodes japonica container seedling. Experiment was performed by light intensity (100%, 60%, 25% and 10% of fullsunlight). Height was surveyed well under 25% of full sunlight (overall 11.013.0%). Root collar diameter was the highest inthe full sunlight (7.52㎜). It was the highest fresh weight (1.52 g, 0.92 g, 0.90 g and 3.34 g) under 25% of full sunlight, rootdry weight was getting higher in the higher light level and the highest in the full sunlight (0.13 g). Total root length, rootproject area, root surface area and root volume were the highest under 25% of full sunlight (434.7㎝, 17.4㎠, 54.7㎠,0.55 ㎤, respectively) and the lowest under 10% of full sunlight. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica isjudged nicely by maintaining 25% of full sunlight, excepting 10% of full sunlight. And light levels during the early growthare overly important to improve early growth.Key Words : Atractylodes japonica, Dry Weight, Early Growth, Fresh Weight, Root Analysis

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Atractylodes japonica by Light Controls and Leaf Mold Treatment in Forest Farming

This study was carried out to determine the effects of light controls and leaf mold on root growth and physiological responses of Atractylodes japonica growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by light controls (100%, 62.5%, 40.3% and 19.7% of full sunlight) and application of leaf mold to soil. Height, stem diameter, number of flower buds and root collar diameter were the highest in leaf mold within 62.5% of full sunlight (relative light intensity 62.5%). And these were the higher in leaf mold within each light level. As the shading level increased, light saturation point and maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. As the light level decreased, SPAD value increased in control and leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica was judged worse root growth under the lower light level. It was concluded that the light level was one of the most important factors to produce A. japonica. Also, producing high-quality of A. japonica with the price competitiveness by using leaf mold like the experiment can be an effective way to increase incomes for farmers.

Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Leaf Growth of Peucedanum japonicum by Leaf Mold and Shading Level in Forest Farming

This study was carried out in order to investigate the photosynthesis response and leaf characteristics of Peucedanum japonicum growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by leaf mold (pine tree and chestnut tree) and shading levels (0%, 35%, 50% and 75% shading). Light relative intensity was 100% (full sunlight), 60.3% (35% shading), 35.1% (50% shading), and 17.4% (75% shading) respectively. Light response curves of pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold were the highest in control (full sunlight) and these were getting lower in the higher shading level. Photosynthesis capacity and light saturation point were indicated higher in chestnut-leaf mold within the same shading level. As the shading level increased, maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. And apparent quantum yield was not indicated statistically significant difference from all treatment. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significant higher in 35% shading and control under chestnut-leaf mold in all treatment. As the shading level increased, LAR (leaf area ratio), SLA (specific leaf area) and SPAD value decreased in pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. japonicum is judged better growth and higher yield by maintaining 35% shading (relative light intensity 60%) under chestnut-leaf mold in forest farming.

Comparison of Growth and Leaf Characteristics of Parasenecio firmus by Different Relative Light Intensity in Forest Farming

ABTSRACT : This study was carried out to produce more Parasenecio firmus in forest farming. In order to achieve this purpose, it was surveyed the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P. firmus. Relatively light intensity was controlled by 100%, 60%, 30% and 5% of full sunlight. Height was the highest under 5% of full sunlight. Shoot diameter was the highest in full sunlight. Fresh weight (leaf, stem, root and total) and dry weight (leaf, root and total) were the highest under 30% of full sunlight. S (leaf + stem)/R (root) ratio was the lowest under 30% of full sunlight and the highest under 5% of full sunlight. In leaf characteristics, leaf area, SLA and LAR were getting higher in the lower light level and the highest under 5% of full sunlight (176.1 ㎠, 420.5 ㎠ x81 g �1 and 123.5 ㎠ x81 g �1 ). Especially, leaf area was surveyed higher under 30% of full sunlight in the next. Leaf thickness was getting lower in the lower light level and the lowest under 5% of full sunlight (overall 0.14 ~ 0.24 ㎜). As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. firmus grows well under 30% and 5% of full sunlight in forest farming.

Germination Characteristics and Early Growth of Acer pictum subsp. mono (Maxim.) H. Ohashi by Harvesting Dates

Background : Acer pictum is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Aceraceae. This study was conducted to collect basic data on mass propagation techniques by surveying the germination and growth characteristics of A. pictum seeds. Methods and Results : A. pictum seeds were harvested in 2014 on August 19, September 5, September 29 and October 31. The seeds were then sown on the same dates they were harvested. A portion of seeds harvested in August 2014 were stored at low temperatures and subsequently sown on March 11, 2015. The germination rate of A. pictum seeds was highest in seeds that were stored harvested on October 31. Mean germination time (MGT) was shortest and germination velocity (Rs) was fastest in seeds harvested on October 31. Root collar diameter, total root length, and dry weight were also highest from seeds collected October 31. Conclusions : A. pictum seeds harvested on October 31 had highest germination and growth rates compared with seeds harvested on earlier dates. It is expected that these results demonstrating optimum harvesting and sowing dates will be applicable to future seedling production for this tree species.

Effects of Storage Duration with Low Temperature and Wet Condition, Germination Temperature and Shading Rate on Germination of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Seeds

Background : Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, functional wild vegetable, is perennial herb and young leaves with soft texture are generally used as edible food. So the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. This study was carried out to determine the effects of temperature and shading on germination characteristics of A. dioicus. Methods and Results : The experiment was performed by temperature and shading treatments. Seed pre-treatment before the germination experiment was carried out by the storage in low temperature ( 4℃) under wet condition (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and shading treatment were 35%, 50%, and 75% under control, BA (6-benzyladenine) and GA3 (gibberellic acid) condition for 24 hours. Increasing the length of the storage periods led to increases seed germination percent in low temperature ( 4℃) under wet condition (LTW), germination rate of A. dioicus seed was the highest at 15℃ with 60 days of seed pre-treatment. In the case of seeds pre-treatment with LTW, the more temperature went up, the more days to 50% of Germination of Final Germination Rate (T50) went down. As a result of surveying shading treatment, germination rate was the highest in control of 35% shading and the next higher was in control of 50% shading. Conclusions : It is concluded that the temperature and shading are important factors to produce A. dioicus. Also, We suggest these results as basic data of A. dioicus for sexual propagation.