Yong-Ji Piao

Semantic Differential Analysis of the Soundscape in Urban Park

In this study, soundscape was analyzed through physical measurement and social surveys. The results showed that, soundscape components were related to functional partitions and tourist activities, at the same time influenced by ambient noise. The sound pressure levels showed daily regular changes. Semantic differential analysis showed that the evaluation of the soundscape in urban park was rather complicated. It was still possible to identify major factors including relaxation, spatiality and environment. The results provided theoretical basis for improving urban park soundscape, and called attention to this problem.

From Blemish to Decoration: the Landscape of Municipal Facilities in Urban Green Space

Abstract As the combination of technique and art, environmental facilities have the function to improve the image of urban green space. Among these facilities, some can be designed and arranged reasonably. But to the facilities of sewage, electricity and sanitation and so on, are usually ignored and become the blemish in the green space. Based on the analysis of the status, taking the design of well cover of sewage as an example, the landscape approaches are discussed from form, material, color and artistic technique and so on. Key words : Landscape, Green space, Municipal facility, Local culture 1. Introduction 1) Green space is not only the primary place for leisure and recreation for residents, but more of an important window to display urban economics, culture and environment. It also reflects the inhabitants’ ideological status and cultural demands. As essential material bodies for urban public environment and places, environmental facilities named as “street furniture, outdoor props, urban” and so on, receive broad attentions from the designers and urban constructors(Wu et al., 2009; Tao and Zhang, 2004; Wang et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2009). However, there are some unsatisfactory effects on these facilities, such as being blindly eager for novelty or taken as “standardized parts” or arranged casually. The municipal facilities, as part of the environmental facilities, are more concerned with the layout and optimization of their basic functions yet tended to be neglected with landscaping.

Influencing the Willingness to Pay for Urban Park Service Functions

Abstract The contingent valuation method (CVM) was used along with a questionnaire survey and field research methods to analyze the factors affecting willingness to pay (WTP) for urban parks in Tai’an. The results indicated that roughly 50% of the residents visited the urban parks weekly. Doing physical exercises and viewing topped the list of activities. Residents of different characteristics had different WTPs for the service functions of urban parks. From the two surveys, 60.1% and 61.4% of residents would be willing to pay. The average individual WTPs were 42.2 yuan·a -1 and 43.1 yuan·a -1 in the two surveys, and the medianin dividual WTP was 20.0 yuan·a -1 . WTP was mainly affected by satisfaction, and WTP value was mainly affected by education level and income. Other factors had some correlation, but none were significant. Finally, some useful suggestions and references were given to the government in order to enhance the urban park services proposal. Key words : Urban park, Willingness to pay (WTP), Contingent valuation method (CVM), Correlation analysis

A Study on Tourist shopping needs and its spatial characteristics

Abstract Tourists travel demand can be divided into the watch the natural landscape, such as shopping, entertainment and other projects. Each travel demand with motivation for meet the requirements of appropriate tourism space environment in order to complete. In this paper, through questionnaire investigation and SD (Semantic Differential) method for the basic attributes of shopping tourists and spatial characteristics of commercial pedestrian street. And analyzes the basic attributes of shopping as the main demand of tourists characteristics and the spatial characteristics of the suitable shopping demand, to provide a scientific basis for the design of tourist shopping space. Key words : Tourists, Shopping needs, Commercial pedestrian street, Spatial features 1. Introduction 1) Tourists travel demand can be divided into the watch the natural landscape, such as shopping, entertainment and other projects. Each travel demand with motivation for meet the requirements of appropriate tourism space environment in order to complete. So suitable travel demand and its spatial characteristics of tourism research is very important. Typical of commercial pedestrian street is to satisfy tourists shopping facilities, is to provide tourists shopping, leisure, entertainment places. This paper focuses on commercial pedestrian street of tourists shopping demand and its spatial characteristics, so as to provide scientific basis for the suitable shopping space design.

Study on The Use of Teaching Area's Courtyard Space:Results from a Survey of Universities in Tai' an

Abstract Based on the survey of 4 universities in Tai’ an by questionnaire survey and interviews, this study acquired and analyzed the college student users’ activity type, utilization frequency, retention time, companion, preference for landscape design style, the importance of the courtyard space’s environment and landscape, as well as correlations between primary attributes and activity characteristics of student users. The weight of the university teaching area’s courtyard space evaluation index was obtained by Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results indicated that nearly 60% college students select to study and to rest alone as the main activity type, 80% students’ utilization frequency is at least two times or more a week. In addition, the relative weight of plant landscape is the highest in the 2nd class indexes of space garden landscape, and its value is 0.113; the relative weight of cleanliness is the highest in the 3rd class indexes of space environment quality, and its value is 0.143. Therefore, it should be attached much importance to constructing the environment and landscape for studying and relaxing, and the factors of cleanliness and plant landscape etc in the further design of courtyard space are taken into full consideration. Key words:College students, Teaching area’s courtyard space, Utilization characteristics, Analytical Hierarchy Process 1)

A Study on Tourist Psychological Capacity of Scenic and Historic Area and Its Influencing Factors ― A Case Study of Mount Tai Scenic Spot

Abstract Tourist Psychological Capacity (TPC) is an important issue of the Tourism Capacity research. We gained the tourist satisfaction through the questionnaire investigation in Mount Tai Scenic Area and obtained the tourist satisfaction function using SPSS17.0 regression analysis method. Then we got the best psychological capacity of tourists with the Marginal Satisfaction Method. Finally we verified the influencing factors on TPC. The study found that the best TPC of Mount Tai Scenic Area is 10323 persons; Female shows lower TPC than male. Moreover, female satisfaction is more easily influenced by visitors’ number increasing than male satisfaction; TPC plays negative correlation with the increasing of age. Teenagers and adults have no much difference in TPC, but the seniors present a relatively lower TPC than other; The higher education, the smaller TPC. Key words : Scenic and historic area, Tourist psychological capacity, Marginal satisfaction, Influencing factor 1. Introduction

Research on the Evaluation of Communication Activities Space in City Park

Abstract With the methodology of AHP, this paper focuses on communication activities and their constituents in city parks, selecting 11 constituents, natural or artificial, and establishes an evaluation model on the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of tourists’ communication activities in order to obtain the weight and order of importance of the constituents of communication activities space. First-grade indicators influence weight and the order of the constituents of communication activities space are: artificial constituents (0.6614) > natural constituents (0.3386) . The weight and order of five secondary indicators attached to natural constituents: private space (0.1538) > shade tree (0.0955）> gentle slope mound (0.0474) > beautiful waterscape (0.0270) > sunshine lawn (0.0149); the weight and order of six secondary indicators attached to artificial constituents: field boundary (0.2865) > Leisure chairs（0.1843）> resting areas (0.0795) > appropriate square (0.0533) > tree-lined road (0.0352) > landscape sketch (0.0227).Using modern decision analysis methodology to research the relationship of environment constituent elements has great theoretical and practical significance for the scientific design and construction of suitable environment for human needs.Key words: City parks, Communication activities, The methodology of AHP, Evaluation model

The Research on Herb and Its Allocation Form in Landscape

Abstract In order to provide a scientific foundation for herb application in landscape, the photographs were taken from the herb landscape in urban green space and sightseeing garden. The questionnaire-based survey was also applied to analyze the cognitive situation of herb. Most investigators love herb, but have a low level of herb; Interviewees’ consideration of herb function lie in ornamental, healthcare and medical treatment; The bulk of the visitors think herb landscape is insufficient; Investigators’ preferences for herb application forms are landscape edging and combining with stone. We also probe into the optimum allocation form combining herb with landscape elements. When we combine herb with landscape water or landscape architecture, artistic conception and reasonable plant allocation should be considered; When we combine herb with landscape path or garden ornament, reasonable plant disposition and appearance and practical collocation should be thought over; When we combine herb with flower-border, richly colored landscape and reasonable plant allocation should be deliberated on. Key words : Herb, Cognitive, Allocation form

Research on the Physical Characteristics of the Elder People and Park Design

This article reveals the relationship between the body characteristics of the elder people and the size of park facilities during utilization of parks by scientific investigation. The experiment involves 540 elder people, and offer concrete evidence for park design in ageing society. These evidences mainly consists of the following aspects: First, the relation between physical situation of elder people and their using parks. Secondly, the relation between the hearing status and exchange circle diameter in elders. The last is the relation between the distance visual acuity and designing the scene. Finally we get the most suitable step length range, stairs height, road slope, communication space diameter and general formulas about the best vision distance for elder people.