Yongsoo Kim

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of selenium in oral buccal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

BackgroundThe aim of this study were to investigate whether selenium treatment attenuates lipid peroxidation and downregulates the NF-κB pathway in small intestinal mucosa and to examine whether the effect of selenium is also observed in oral buccal mucosa, during small intestinal IR injury.Materials and methodsEighteen rats were assigned into three groups: sham, IR, and IR + selenium. Saline or selenium was administered through a tail vein. 24 hours later, the superior mesenteric artery was exposed and clamped in the IR and IR + selenium groups. After ischemic and reperfusion period, animals were sacrificed and oral buccal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa were harvested.ResultsGlutathione peroxidase activity and cytoplasmic IκB-α expression was higher in the IR + selenium group than that in the IR group. A malondialdehyde level, cytoplasmic phosphorylated inhibitor κB-α, nuclear NF-κB p65 expressions, and NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity were lower in the IR + selenium group than those in the IR group.ConclusionA selenium treatment may cause increased GPx activity, attenuated lipid peroxidation, and downregulated the NF-κB pathway during small intestinal IR injury. Furthermore, these therapeutic benefits of selenium can be observed in oral buccal mucosa as well as small intestinal mucosa.

In Vitro Assessment of the Anticancer Potential of Evodiamine in Human Oral Cancer Cell Lines.

Evodiamine, a bioactive alkaloid, has been regarded as having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. In the present study, we explored the effects of evodiamine on cell growth and apoptosis in human oral cancer cell lines. Our data revealed that evodiamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of human oral cancer cells and resulted in the cleavages of PARP (poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase) and caspase‐3, in addition to causing the typical characteristics of apoptosis. Evodiamine also increased Bax protein levels and caused translocation of Bax into mitochondria and Bax oligomerization. In addition, evodiamine decreased expression of myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl‐1) at the transcriptional modification, and knockdown of Mcl‐1 clearly resulted in an increase in expression of Bax and active Bax, resulting in induction of apoptosis. Evodiamine reduced expression of phosphorylated AKT, and LY294002 potentiated evodiamine‐induced apoptosis by regulating Mcl‐1 protein. Our results suggest that evodiamine induces apoptosis in human oral cancer cells through the AKT pathway. These findings provide a rationale for its clinical application in the treatment of oral cancer. Copyright

Growth-suppressive effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on human oral cancer cells.

PurposeThe histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has been reported to exhibit anticancer activities in various cancer cell types, but as yet there are few reports on the anticancer effects of SAHA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived cells and xenograft models.MethodsThe anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of SAHA were assessed in human HSC-3 and HSC-4 (OSCC)-derived cell lines and JB6 normal mouse skin-derived epidermal cells using histone acetylation, soft agar colony formation, trypan blue exclusion, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Live/Dead viability/cytotoxicity and Western blot analyses.ResultsWe found that SAHA treatment resulted in hyperacetylation of histones H2A and H3 and a concomitant decrease in the viability of HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells. SAHA also significantly inhibited the neoplastic transformation of JB6 cells treated with TPA, whereas the viability of these cells was not affected by this treatment. Additionally, we found that SAHA suppressed the anchorage-independent growth (colony forming capacity in soft agar) of HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells. DAPI staining, Live/Dead and Western blot analyses revealed that SAHA can induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells. We also found that SAHA treatment led to inhibition of ERK phosphorylation, and that two MEK inhibitors potentiated SAHA-mediated apoptosis. Okadaic acid treatment inhibited SAHA-mediated apoptosis in both the HSC-3 and HSC-4 cell lines, wheras SAHA induced a profound in vivo inhibition of tumor growth in HSC-3 xenografts.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the ERK signaling pathway may constitute a critical denominator of SAHA-induced apoptosis in OSCC-derived cells and that SAHA may have therapeutic potential for OSCC.

Conservative approach to recurrent calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor occupying the maxillary sinus: a case report

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) is an uncommon benign cystic neoplasm of the jaw that develops from the odontogenic epithelium. Invasion into the maxillary sinus by a CCOT is not a typical, and the recurrence of the cystic variant of CCOT in the posterior maxilla is rare. This report describes a recurrent CCOT occupying most of the maxillary sinus of a 24-year-old male patient. As a treatment, marsupialization was carried out as a means of decompression, and the involved teeth were all endodontically treated. Afterward, surgical enucleation was performed. The size of the lesion continued to shrink after marsupialization, and the maxillary sinus restored its volume. This patient has been followed-up for 3 years after the surgery, and there have not been any signs of recurrence.

Clinical Study of a Flap Advancement Technique Without Vertical Incision for Guided Bone Regeneration.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to introduce a novel method of flap advancement without a vertical releasing incision for guided bone regeneration (GBR) and to discuss its clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study involved patients who had received GBR for dental implants between April 2012 and April 2013. In all patients, a typical midcrestal incision was made on the edentulous alveolar ridge, and a sulcular incision was extended to the adjacent two teeth; however, no vertical incision was performed. Instead, a wide periosteal releasing incision and an additional releasing incision that selectively cut part of the facial expression muscles (the orbicularis oris or the buccinator) were used. Postoperative complications, such as swelling, pain, paresthesia, signs of infection, and membrane exposure, were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. RESULTS Forty sites in 34 patients were evaluated. At all surgical sites, flap advancement of more than 7 mm was attained, and clinically passive primary closure was achieved. All patients experienced slight or mild postoperative swelling without functional limitation or discomfort during mouth opening, eye opening, and swallowing. No long-lasting pain (more than a week), paresthesia, or signs of infection occurred during the follow-up period of 6 months. However, delayed exposure of titanium mesh after 4 months was observed in two patients who had used a provisional removable prosthesis. Within 2 weeks, the exposures closed spontaneously after prosthesis use was halted and careful daily dressing was undertaken. CONCLUSION The flap advancement technique presented in this study easily enables clinically passive primary closure, and there was no obvious failure of primary closure. This technique could be used successfully in GBR procedures.

Post traumatic immediate GBR: alveolar ridge preservation after a comminuted fracture of the anterior maxilla.

Without a proper intervention, a crushed alveolar process fracture can cause significant dimensional changes on affected hard and soft tissue that lead to difficult circumstances for post traumatic bone augmentation and dental implant placement. We present herein the cases of immediate guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the maxillary anterior alveolar process with comminuted fracture. Shortly after the hospital visit, guided bone regeneration was conducted for three patients using only xenograft material and bone fragments from traumatic site, without an additional donor site. Resorbable collagen membrane was used on the bone graft site, and titanium mesh was also used if significant bone loss were expected. Radiographic evaluation 6 months after GBR confirmed that all three cases had sufficiently preserved alveolar bone which is clinically required for implant placement. Dental implant installation was carried out for two patients and no specific findings were noted in follow-up after the placement. In this method, additional operation sites for bone collection are not necessary and the number of surgical steps before implant placement can be reduced. Furthermore, this immediate intervention can effectively minimize the alveolar ridge shrinkage of anterior maxilla after injury.

Utility of sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy from benign oral vascular lesion.

BackgroundHemangioma and vascular malformation are benign vascular lesions that often occur in cephalic and cervical region. Currently, surgical resection, laser therapy, angiographic embolization, use of steroids, and sclerotherapy are used as treatments.Case presentationThis study reports three cases of benign vascular lesions that are remarkably treated by sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) injection, of which occurred in oral cavity and around the mouth. Three percent of STS was diluted with 0.9 % of normal saline, and it was injected to the lesion site at least once. The result of treatment was evaluated based on clinical findings.ConclusionSurgical treatment of hemangioma and vascular malformation occurred in oral cavity is not normally used because of esthetic issues and potential hemorrhage. On the other hand, sclerotherapy using STS is an effective therapy compare to surgical treatment. Despite the number of STS injection was different for each patient, all three patients had reached satisfactory level through the treatment with gradual diminution of lesions.

Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive atelectasis after general anesthesia in a patient with abscess in the maxillofacial area: A case report

The purpose of this study was to report and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive atelectasis secondary to pus obstruction in a patient who had developed a maxillofacial abscess, and to review the literature on similar cases. Persistently discharging pus within the oral cavity can act as an aspirate, and may lead to obstructive atelectasis. Additionally, maxillofacial surgery patients should be carefully assessed for the presence of risk factors of obstructive atelectasis, such as, epistaxis after nasotracheal intubation, oral bleeding, and mucus secretion. Furthermore, patients with these risk factors should be continuously followed up by monitoring SPO2, breath sounds, and chest x-ray.

The comparative study of resonance disorders for Vietnamese and Korean cleft palate speakers using nasometer

BackgroundNasalance is used to evaluate the velopharyngeal incompetence in clinical diagnoses using a nasometer. The aim of this study is to find the nasalance differences between Vietnamese cleft palate children and Korean cleft palate children by measuring the nasalance of five oral vowels.MethodsTen Vietnamese cleft palate children after surgery, three Vietnamese children for the control group, and ten Korean cleft palate children after surgery with the same age participated in this experimentation. Instead of Korean control, the standard value of Korean version of the simplified nasometric assessment procedures (kSNAP) was used.ResultThe results are as follows: (1) the highest nasalance score among the Vietnamese normal vowels is the low vowel /a/; however, that of Korean normal vowels is the high vowel /i/. (2) The average nasalance score of Korean cleft palate vowels is 18% higher than that of Vietnamese cleft palate vowels. There was a nasalance score of over 45% among the vowels /e/ and /i/ in Vietnamese cleft palate patients and /i/, /o/, and /u/ in Korean cleft palate patients.ConclusionThese different nasalance scores of the same vowels seem to cause an ethnic difference between Vietnamese and Korean cleft palate children.