Yoshihiro Ino

歌唱における学習過程の再考（2） : ブータンの掛け合い歌をてがかりにした実践開発

本論は，人が生涯にわたり音楽文化とかかわっていく土台を築くため，ブータン歌謡ツァンモの調査から得られた成果を参照しながら，音楽科の新しい方向性を見出すことを目的とした一連の研究に位置づくものである。本年度は，ラジオ放送や学校行事等，現在のツァンモのありように焦点をあて，自分なりの思いを歌で表現する意義を問い直した。とりわけ，歌の含意を共有し，なじみのある詩形や旋律を用いて，掛け合い歌による双方向のコミュニケーションを通して，自分の思いを歌で自在に伝える活動から手がかりを得て，小学校の音楽科授業における実践開発を試みた。

A Discussion on the Singing Dialogue Tsangmo : Bridging Culture Between Bhutan and Japan, from the Past to the Future

Bhutanese tsangmo is a unique cultural heritage that has been at the heart of folk culture in many regions of Bhutan. It was considered to be on the verge of extinction due to the trends toward globalization and modernization. However, new attempts have already been made in schools, through radio programming, teacher education, and other means to ensure its continuation. These attempts involve wisely transformed styles of traditional ways of playing. Our research group has been investigating the real-life circumstances and unique value of these songs since 2010. In this paper, we describe our findings and exchange opinions between Bhutanese and Japanese, each discussing tsangmo from our own viewpoints, including the cultural heritage in Bhutan, the language as it relates to tsangmo, new attempts to promote passing on tsangmo, Bhutanese creative dialogue and Japanese education, and finally, understanding the importance of tsangmo within the prospects for Asia from the perspective of ethnomusicology. Through our discussion we hope to shine a light on the remarkable and rich cultural heritage of Bhutan so that it may thrive in future generations.