Yoshito Miura

The Electrochemical Process in the Molding of Nonwoven Structures

The electroforming process was used in the fabrication of different grades of nonwoven materials from a variety of fibers and binders using electrodes of different materials. Various kinds of three-dimensional and molded nonwoven fabrics can be produced by changing the shape of electrodes. For example, a conical nonwoven fabric can be produced by using conically-shaped eledtrodes. A hollow cylindrical nonwoven body can also be produced by using a revolving anode and a stationary cathode. The above cylindrical nonwoven body can be produced with the bottom closed to form a cup shape. Products with nonwoven fabrics laminated on a metal surface can be made by not removing the anode after the deposition of fiber flock onto the anode.

The Mechanics of False Twist

A theory of false twist is considered, and equations are developed giving the variation in twist with time and the pressure required at the feed roller to keep twist constant.

Study on Electrostatic Spinning

An electrostatic spinning system consisting of fiber-opening roll, electrostatic field for formation of yarn, yarn twister, and take-up roll developed by the authors is described. The opening roll covered with garnet wires opens the entangled fibers, and individual fibers are blown to the electrostatic field by the centrifuge of the roll. It was found that the opening-roll diameter should be increased with increasing fiber length to insure best performance and to prevent roll wraps. The electrostatic field is created by a pair of cone electrodes facing each other either in horizontal or vertical arrangement. In the horizontal type, the yarn formed is drawn out of the electrostatic field through a small hole at the tip of the cathode. In the vertical type, the cathode is placed above the anode, with the yarn drawn out of a small hole at the tip of the anode. The yarn twister resembles the false twister, and the take-up roll is driven by friction. The size and the shape of electrodes, the distance between the electrode pair, the geometry of fiber supply to the electrostatic field, and the air-conditioning, etc. were found to affect the fiber yield. Vertically-positioned electrodes were found to be better than horizontal ones with respect to the filer yield and compactness of the equipment. Revolving anode and sharply-pointed cathode were found to be effective in straightening bent fibers, thereby obtaining uniform yarns.

THE SURFACE FRICTION OF FABRICS

It is found that the relation between the surface friction f of cotton fabrics and the normal pressure R is generally well expressed by the following equation, when R is under 40g/cm2.f=aRn where a and n are constants for the given surface of a fabric.So it is difficult to explain fully the relation between f and R only with μ, the coefficient of friction.Therefore the degree of slippage S is adopted.when n=1, μ=1/SFor cotton fabrics, a>1, 1>n>0The more the yarn is twisted and the denser the fabric is in the direction of slip, the larger S becomes.

The study of warp tension in weauing machine (No.2)

研究目的筬打前後の経糸張力の変化、筬打位置に緯糸が安定する條件及び経糸張力が織物の厚さに及ぼす影響を考察する。研究結果問題を数式的に取扱い次の結果を得た。1) 緯糸は織巾の全体にわたり略同一張力。2) 筬打時の経糸張力増加率を表わす式。3) 筬打に要する力を表わす式。4) 緯糸が打込位置に安定するか否かを判別する式。5) 経糸張力と織物の厚さとの関係を表わす式。以上の諸式を誘導した。

The study of Warp Tension in Weaving Machine

研究目的織機の経糸張力が毎製織サイクル中に如何な変化を受けるかを検討し、経糸切断の因子を除去して品質を向上させることを目的とする。研究結果豊田自動織機のバツクローラの動きを拡大して回転円筒上に記録せしめ、その時の織機側の條件を色々に変化させた。その結果1.経糸の張力変化曲線に与える送り出しの影響は小さい。2. 同様捲取の影響は小さい。3.テンシヨンローラの作用は極めて有効である。4.バックローラ周りの慣性モーメントは可なり大きい。5.セクターブレーキめ効きはよい。なお送出し機構に関して検討を加え必要條件を挙げた。

Study on the Spindle Driving (1)

研究目的精紡機や撚糸機のスピンドルは綿テープ、バンド、皮ベルトを媒体として駆動されている。スピンドルのトルクと駆動体の速度、張力、接触角との関係を実験的に求めたもので、機械設計の上に役立つものと思う。研究結果スピンドルのトルクは駆動体の接触圧力が増せば比例して増加する。一定圧力の下では速度の影響は殆ど見出せなかつた。しかしテープ、バンドのように初期張力が一定でも運転中に伸びを生じ或は遠心力によつて張力変化を起すものでは、トルクは速度が或る限度を越えると減少する。