Yoshizumi Wada

Platelet-Activating Factor and Leukotrienes in Acute Otitis Media, Secretory Otitis Media, and Chronic Otitis Media on the Acute Excerbation

The present study was carried out for the purpose of measuring platelet activating factor (PAF) and leukotrienes (LTs) in middle ear fluid (MEF) or in otorrhea of children with acute otitis media (AOM), with secretory otitis media (SOM), and with chronic otitis media (COM) on the acute exacerbation. PAF, LTC4, and LTD4+LTE4 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in purulent MEFs obtained from 15 ears of 15 children with AOM, in mucoid or gluey MEFs from 16 ears of 15 children with SOM, and in purulent otorrhea from 9 ears of 9 children with COM on the acute exacerbation. PAF concentrations were 25.4 +/- 9.0 ng/mg total phospholipid (TPL) in AOM, 4.9 +/- 1.9 ng/mg TPL in SOM, 20.7 +/- 15.7 ng/mg TPL in COM, demonstrating significant differences between AOM and SOM (p < 0.05) and between COM and SOM (p < 0.01). LTC4 concentrations were 92.9 +/- 73.8 pg/mg total protein (TP) in AOM, 52.0 +/- 42.5 pg/mg TP in SOM, and 28.5 +/- 11.2 pg/mg TP in COM. LTD4+LTE4 concentrations were 326.5 +/- 177.0 pg/mg TP in AOM, 288.2 +/- 144.6 pg/mg TP in SOM, and 94.0 +/- 58.1 pg/mg TP in COM, demonstrating significant differences between AOM and COM and between SOM and COM (p < 0.01). The results obtained indicated that PAF was involved in the onset of AOM and COM on the acute exacerbation, and that LTs played an important role in SOM.

A Study on Cricothyroid Muscle Activities During Carbon Dioxide Inhalation

Hirofumi Kihara, Shin-ya Ohtsu, Yoshizumi Wada, Jiro Udaka, Tatsuya Ishida and Yasuo Koike Several studies of the activity of human cricothyroid muscles during sleep have been reported. Eight adults in good health aged 36 to 61 years were subjected in this study. The activity of the cricothyroid muscle was investigated during sleep and the influence of carbon dioxide inhalation upon the cricothyroid activity was electromyographically determined. During sleep, a slight degree of cricothyroid activity was observed for inspiration. Carbon dioxide inhalation caused an increase in the cricothyroid activity during inspiratory phases.

Two Cases of Hemangioma in the Nasal Cavity with Preoperative Embolization

Embolization was performed in two cases of angioma in the nasal cavity prior to surgery in order to minimize the amount of bleeding. In case 1, the injected embolizing substance (Ivalon) was insufficient, because the amount of bleeding during surgery was as much as 500 ml. Higher dosage of injected substance, however, sometimes leads to less bleeding and higher risk of complication. Since the optimum amount of injected substance has not been discussed further investigation of the standard injectable level should be carried out. In case 2, the amount of bleeding was very little. Thus, embolization is useful as a method of peroperative blood loss prophylaxis in some cases.