Young Joon Yoo

Flexible and elastic metamaterial absorber for low frequency, based on small-size unit cell

Using a planar and flexible metamaterial (MM), we obtained the low-frequency perfect absorption even with very small unit-cell size in snake-shape structure. These shrunken, deep-sub-wavelength and thin MM absorbers were numerically and experimentally investigated by increasing the inductance. The periodicity/thickness (the figure of merit for perfect absorption) is achieved to be 10 and 2 for single-snake-bar and 5-snake-bar structures, respectively. The ratio between periodicity and resonance wavelength (in mm) is close to 1/12 and 1/30 at 2 GHz and 400 MHz, respectively. The absorbers are specially designed for absorption peaks around 2 GHz and 400 MHz, which can be used for depressing the electromagnetic noise from everyday electronic devices and mobile phones.

Metamaterial Absorber for Electromagnetic Waves in Periodic Water Droplets.

Perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) can intercept electromagnetic wave harmful for body in Wi-Fi, cell phones and home appliances that we are daily using and provide stealth function that military fighter, tank and warship can avoid radar detection. We reported new concept of water droplet-based PMA absorbing perfectly electromagnetic wave with water, an eco-friendly material which is very plentiful on the earth. If arranging water droplets with particular height and diameter on material surface through the wettability of material surface, meta-properties absorbing electromagnetic wave perfectly in GHz wide-band were shown. It was possible to control absorption ratio and absorption wavelength band of electromagnetic wave according to the shape of water droplet–height and diameter– and apply to various flexible and/or transparent substrates such as plastic, glass and paper. In addition, this research examined how electromagnetic wave can be well absorbed in water droplets with low electrical conductivity unlike metal-based metamaterials inquiring highly electrical conductivity. Those results are judged to lead broad applications to variously civilian and military products in the future by providing perfect absorber of broadband in all products including transparent and bendable materials.

Dual broadband metamaterial absorber

We propose polarization-independent and dual-broadband metamaterial absorbers at microwave frequencies. This is a periodic meta-atom array consisting of metal-dielectric-multilayer truncated cones. We demonstrate not only one broadband absorption from the fundamental magnetic resonances but additional broadband absorption in high-frequency range using the third-harmonic resonance, by both simulation and experiment. In simulation, the absorption was over 90% in 3.93-6.05 GHz, and 11.64-14.55 GHz. The corresponding experimental absorption bands over 90% were 3.88-6.08 GHz, 9.95-10.46 GHz and 11.86-13.84 GHz, respectively. The origin of absorption bands was elucidated. Furthermore, it is independent of polarization angle owing to the multilayered circular structures. The design is scalable to smaller size for the infrared and the visible ranges.

Enhanced ferromagnetic properties in Ho and Ni co-doped BiFeO3 ceramics

The magnetic properties of polycrystalline Bi1-xHoxFe1-yNiyO3 (x = 0, 0.1; y = 0, 0.03), which were prepared by the solid-state method, have been investigated. The powder X-ray diffraction reveals that all the samples are polycrystalline and show rhombohedral perovskite structure. The micro-Raman scattering studies confirm that Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.97Ni0.03O3 has a compressive lattice distortion induced by the simultaneous substitution of Ho and Ni ions at A and B-sites, respectively. From the magnetization dependences at room temperature, Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.97Ni0.03O3 has enhanced magnetization (0.2280 emu/g) and low coercive field (280 Oe). It was revealed that the Ni dopant plays an important role for the improved ferromagnetic properties and the Ho dopant favors the magnetic exchange interactions in the co-doped ceramic.

Triple-band perfect metamaterial absorption, based on single cut-wire bar

In general metamaterial perfect absorber, the single meta-pattern makes the single absorption band. Therefore, the multi-absorption bands need the corresponding kinds of meta-patterns. Here, we introduce the triple-band metamaterial perfect absorber utilizing only single kind of pattern. We also demonstrate the absorption mechanism of the triple perfect absorption. The first and the second absorption bands were induced by the fundamental magnetic resonance of the major and the minor axes, respectively, of cut-wire bar. The third peak was caused by the third-harmonic magnetic resonance of the major axis. Additionally, the unexpected third band was formed, which was the overlapping of the third absorption peak with another absorption peak, which was made by pairs of antiparallel currents parallel or antiparallel to the incident electromagnetic wave.

Polarization-independent dual-band perfect absorber utilizing multiple magnetic resonances

We propose a dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber at microwave frequencies. Using a planar metamaterial, which consists of periodic metallic donut-shape meta-atoms at the front separated from the metallic plane at the back by a dielectric layer, we demonstrate the multi-plasmonic high-frequency perfect absorptions induced by the third-harmonic as well as the fundamental magnetic resonances. The origin of the induced multi-plasmonic perfect absorption was elucidated. It was also found that the perfect absorptions at dual peaks are persistent with varying polarization.

Spin-glass behavior of Cr-doped YMnO3 compounds

Structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline YMn1−xCrxO3 with x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1, which was prepared by solid-state method, have been investigated. The x-ray diffraction patterns reveal that all the samples are in single phase and show hexagonal structure with P63cm space group. The temperature dependence of magnetization presents that the Cr-doped samples exhibit increase of the ferromagnetic transition temperature due to the double-exchange interaction between Cr3+ and Mn3+ ions. The magnetic hysteresis loops show weak ferromagnetic behavior. The long-time relaxation of magnetization indicates that the Cr dopants favor the spin-glass phase.

Multiferroic properties of stretchable BiFeO3 nano-composite film

We present a simple drop-casting method for preparing multiferroic nano-composite film where BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles (NPs) were evenly dispersed into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. BFO NPs used in this work were synthesized by the conventional sol-gel method, having diameter of tens of nm and being in good crystallinity. The BFO NPs were loaded into a highly insulating PVA polymer solution as filler. The multiferroic properties of the film reveal ferromagnetic ordering due to the uncompensated spiral ordering and saturated ferroelectric curves due to the cut-off of current leakage. Moreover, the prepared films show high flexibility and their multiferroicities are preserved well even in a high curved condition, reflecting the possibility for fabricating wearable devices based on multiferroic materials.

High ferromagnetic transition temperature in multiferroic BiFe0.95Ni0.05O3 compound

We have prepared BiFe0.95Ni0.05O3 by the standard solid-state reaction and rapid sintering. The structural analysis by x-ray diffraction for BiFe0.95Ni0.05O3 shows rhombohedral perovskite structure (R3c), and lattice constants a and c of BiFe0.95Ni0.05O3 are slightly increased as compared to those of BiFeO3. The Raman studies present the increase of oxygen vacancy by the Ni2+ substitution. The magnetic properties of BiFe0.95Ni0.05O3 are greatly improved, owing to the enhanced ferromagnetic interaction caused by the Fe/Ni coupling. BiFe0.95Ni0.05O3 sample is ferromagnetic with a cluster-glass state unlike the antiferromagnetic BiFeO3-based compounds.

Size-efficient metamaterial absorber at low frequencies: Design, fabrication, and characterization

We numerically and experimentally demonstrated a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) in MHz region based on a planar sandwiched metal-dielectric-metal structure. First, the single-peak perfect absorption was obtained at 400 MHz. The ratios of the periodicity of unit cells and the thickness to the absorption wavelength are 1/12 and 1/94, respectively. The advantage of structural design and the mechanism for the low-frequency MPA are described in detail by the comparison between calculation, simulation, and experiment. Influence of the incident angle of electromagnetic (EM) wave for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization on absorption was also investigated, and the absorption was maintained to be above 95% at incident angles up to 30°. Finally, we propose a self-asymmetric structure, which induces the dual-band perfect absorption in the same range of frequency. The EM behavior of the excitation modes and the mechanism of the dual-band MPA are clearly explained. Especially, w...