Yousef Rezaei Chianeh

Biochemical markers in saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is consider to be one of the common type of head and neck cancer. Only 50% of advanced oral cancer would survive for 5 years, as this rate has been constant over the last two decades. In order to decrease mortality rate, a new tools are require for early stage diagnosis. Saliva is of great importance for diagnosis of several systemic diseases, and its use for diagnosis of OSCC has been used extensively. Many salivary enzymes along with DNA, RNA and protein obtained from saliva, cancerous cells and inflammatory cells of oral cavity. Extensive studies carried out from genomic and proteomic perspective to identify the potential biomarkers in body fluid as well as saliva and blood for diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC. This article reviewed the recently identified biomarkers from saliva for OSCC. In addition, the biomarkers which have been correlated with OSCC tumor malignancy by molecular pathology analysis are also described. Finally, the potential biomarkers that have been demonstrated to associate with the malignant OSCC may be used for salivary screening for high-risk patients are discussed. This review article may help to identify the potential biomarkers for screening and the molecular pathology analysis for high-risk patients of OSCC.

Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Potentials of the Aqueous Extract of Bixa orellana on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Bixa orellana on the liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP and also to evaluate the efficacy of the extract for the protection of the renal function in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by administering streptozotocin dissolved in saline while the normal control group was given propylene glycol. Diabetes induced animals were randomly assigned into different groups. Blood samples were collected from all the control and experimental group. Estimation of urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as the liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP were assayed. These estimations were carried out on day 30 only. Results: The 30 days treatment with the aqueous extract (200 mg/kg body weight) showed no statistical significance with respect to urea and uric acid but there was statistical significance in the levels of creatinine which is an indicator of glomerular filtration rate. The alteration in the levels of ALT and ALP were highly significant statistically but no changes observed in the level of AST. Conclusion: The employed dose of the extract is nontoxic to the kidney and it even caused a significant decrease in level of liver enzymes when diabetic induced rat subjected to treatment hence this may indicate the hepatoprotective properties of this extract.

Over Kanserli Hastalarda CA-125 ve Seruloplazmin Düzeyleri

Purpose: The initial stage of proliferation of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOCa) is usually asymptomatic. Due to the lack of sensitive and reliable markers in majority of patients the disease is widespread at the time of diagnosis. The reliable serum biomarkers currently accepted is CA125 but there is limitation in case of sensitivity of CA125 as it is detectable only in 50% of patients in stage I and 80% of patients with advanced stage. We have investigated a correlation between serum CA125 and ceruloplasmin (as a marker of angiogenesis) in ovarian cancer in pre-treatment and post-treatment patients, compared with controls and found to be a significant marker for diagnosis. Material and Methods: A study was done in age group between 18-45 years diagnosed with ovarian cancer. (cases: n=50, controls: n=50). Cancer was diagnosed based on biopsy and histopathological examination. Serum Ceruloplasmin and CA 125 were estimated in pre-treatment and post-treatment patients and statistically significant decrease of these biomarkers observed in post treatment when compared with pre treatment patients. Result: We found that serum CA 125 to ceruloplasmin ratio was moderately increased in pre-treatment ovarian cancer patient. The serum ceruloplasmin (p<0.0001) level was significantly increased in ovarian cancer patients as compared to controls. Conclusion: Serum ceruloplasmin as well CA-125 level decline after treatment, and have been associated with efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic strategy to improve diagnosis and treatment for cancer.