Yu. E. Ivanov

Remote Sensing of Aerosol in the Terrestrial Atmosphere from Space: New Missions

The distribution and properties of atmospheric aerosols on a global scale are not well known in terms of determination of their effects on climate. This mostly is due to extreme variability of aerosol concentrations, properties, sources, and types. Aerosol climate impact is comparable to the effect of greenhouse gases, but its influence is more difficult to measure, especially with respect to aerosol microphysical properties and the evaluation of anthropogenic aerosol effect. There are many satellite missions studying aerosol distribution in the terrestrial atmosphere, such as MISR/Terra, OMI/Aura, AVHHR, MODIS/Terra and Aqua, CALIOP/CALIPSO. To improve the quality of data and climate models, and to reduce aerosol climate forcing uncertainties, several new missions are planned. The gap in orbital instruments for studying aerosol microphysics has arisen after the Glory mission failed during launch in 2011. In this review paper, we describe several planned aerosol space missions, including the Ukrainian project Aerosol-UA that obtains data using a multi-channel scanning polarimeter and wide-angle polarimetric camera. The project is designed for remote sensing of the aerosol microphysics and cloud properties on a global scale.

Synthesis of pyridinylketones, and their cyclic derivatives produced from 6-methyl-2-thiouracil

A possibility to obtain pyrimidines, containing oxoalkyl moiety in 2 position of the ring from the available 6-methyl-2-thiouracil was shown.

A simple approach to the synthesis of 2-(2-amino-4-arylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidines

The synthesis of 2-(2-amino-4-arylthiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones from the available 2-(2-oxo-2-arylethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-ones was developed.

Reaction of 6-methyl-2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one with hydrazine and hydroxylamine

The reaction of 6-methyl-2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one and of its nitrosation product with hydroxylamine stops at the stage of forming the corresponding oximes. The reaction of 6-methyl-2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one with hydrazine yields a mixture of 3-amino-5-phenylpyrazole and 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one in 71 and 62% yields, respectively. The ketoxime is used in the synthesis of a series of imidazole N(3)-oxides substituted at the 1, 4, and 5 positions of the imidazole ring.

SYNTHESIS OF NEW MACROCYCLIC LACTAMS, LACTONES, AND THIOLACTONES

A general method has been developed for the preparation of 14-remembered cyclic lactams, lactones, and thiolactones from heteroaromatic amino acids.

Synthesis of 6-methyl-2-[2-phenyl-2-(arylhydrazono)ethyl]-3Н-pyrimidine-4-ones and their oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and selenium dioxide

The reaction of 6-methyl-2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4(1H)-one with arylhydrazines leads in high yields to the corresponding hydrazones, in which the ethylidene fragment of the starting compound is transformed to the ethylene fragment. By oxidation of the hydrazones with hydrogen peroxide or selenium dioxide the corresponding 6-methyl-2-[2-phenyl-2-(arylhydrazono)acetyl]-3H-pyrimidine-4-ones were synthesized.

Reaction of 2-(2-oxo-2-arylethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4(1H)-ones with aldehydes

Abstract2-(2-Oxo-2-arylethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4(1H)-ones react with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to form the unsaturated ketones, whereas in the case of 3- and 4-benzaldehydes the corresponding trans-2-styrylpyrimidine-4(3H)-ones were obtained. A possible mechanism of hydrolytic cleavage of the product of condensation of 2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4(1H)-one with paraformaldehyde under acid catalysis and mechanochemical activation has been discussed.

Crown ethers based on bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)alkanes and 1,2-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)ethane

Dibenzimidazo crown ethers were synthesized by alkylation of α,ω-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)alkanes and 1,2-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)ethane with tri- and tetraethylene glycol bis(4-toluenesulfonates). The structure of 6,7,9,10,12,13,21,22-octahydro[1,14,6,9,4,11]dioxadithiadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-a:11,10-a′]dibenzimidazole was studied by X-ray analysis.