Yu-Guang Zhou

Flavobacterium caeni sp. nov., isolated from a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of malachite green effluents

A Gram-stain-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial strain, designated LM5(T), was isolated from activated sludge from a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of effluents contaminated by malachite green. The taxonomy of strain LM5(T) was studied by phenotypic and phylogenetic methods. Strain LM5(T) formed orange colonies on R2A and YP plates. Cells were rods, 0.4-0.6 microm in diameter and 0.8-1.2 microm in length. Growth occurred at 10-35 degrees C (optimum, 20-25 degrees C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5) and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Oxidase and catalase activities were present. Flexirubin-type pigments were present, but extracellular glycans were absent. MK-6 was the major respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (28.3 %) and iso-C(17 : 1)omega9c (13.8 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain LM5(T) was a member of the genus Flavobacterium with highest sequence similarity to Flavobacterium soli DS-6(T) (93.2 %) and Flavobacterium lindanitolerans IP-10(T) (92.9 %). Together with F. lindanitolerans IP-10(T), strain LM5(T) formed a distinct lineage in the phylogenetic tree. The DNA G+C content was 52+/-0.6 mol% (HPLC), which is significantly higher than that of other species of the genus Flavobacterium (30-41 mol%). Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain LM5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium caeni sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is LM5(T) (=CGMCC 1.7031(T)=NBRC 104239(T)).

Paenibacillus algorifonticola sp. nov., isolated from a cold spring.

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated XJ259(T), was isolated from a cold spring sample from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The isolate grew optimally at 20-30 °C and pH 7.3-7.8. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that isolate XJ259(T) belonged phylogenetically to the genus Paenibacillus, and was most closely related to Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538(T) (with 96.6 % sequence similarity), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1(T) (96.3 %) and Paenibacillus castaneae Ch-32(T) (96.1 %), sharing less than 96.0 % sequence similarity with all other members of the genus Paenibacillus. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealing menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown phosphoglycolipids as the major cellular polar lipids, a DNA G+C content of 47.0 mol%, and anteiso-C₁₅:₀ and C₁₆:₀ as the major fatty acids supported affiliation of the new isolate to the genus Paenibacillus. Based on these data, isolate XJ259(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus algorifonticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJ259(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10223(T)  = JCM 16598(T)).

Paenibacillus sonchi sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of Sonchus oleraceus.

A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain X19-5(T), was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Sonchus oleraceus. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of the nifH gene and the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain X19-5(T) was a member of the genus Paenibacillus. Strain X19-5(T) showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.8 %) with Paenibacillus graminis RSA19(T) and below 97 % similarity with other recognized members of the genus. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain X19-5(T) and P. graminis RSA19(T) was 45.7 %. The DNA G+C content of strain X19-5(T) was 46.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0). On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain X19-5(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sonchi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X19-5(T) (=CCBAU 83901(T)=LMG 24727(T)).

Dyadobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from soil

A Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain BZ26(T), was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. The strain was psychrophilic, showing good growth over a temperature range of 1-20 degrees C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BZ26(T) was related to members of the genus Dyadobacter and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Dyadobacter alkalitolerans 12116(T) (98.1 %), Dyadobacter koreensis KCTC 12537(T) (97.5 %) and Dyadobacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 043(T) (97.2 %). Strain BZ26(T) had MK-7 as the major menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)omega7c/iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH), C(16 : 1)omega5c and iso-C(15 : 0) as major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BZ26(T) was 48.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and genotypic analysis, strain BZ26(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter psychrophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BZ26(T) (=DSM 22270(T) =CGMCC 1.8951(T)).

Nocardioides alpinus sp. nov., a psychrophilic actinomycete isolated from alpine glacier cryoconite.

A gram-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, psychrophilic actinomycete, designated strain Cr7-14(T), was isolated from alpine glacier cryoconite. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Cr7-14(T) was related to members of the genus Nocardioides and shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Nocardioides furvisabuli (98.6 %), Nocardioides ganghwensis (98.2 %), Nocardioides oleivorans (98.1 %) and Nocardioides exalbidus (97.6 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain Cr7-14(T) were C(17 : 1)ω8c (39.5 %) and iso-C(16 : 0) (32.4 %). The major menaquinone was MK-8(H(4)). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant cell-wall sugars were galactose and rhamnose. The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, four unknown glycolipids and two unknown polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data, a novel species, Nocardioides alpinus sp. nov., is proposed, with Cr7-14(T) ( = DSM 23325(T) = LMG 26053(T) = CGMCC 1.10697(T)) as the type strain.

Halogranum rubrum gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from a marine solar saltern

Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains RO2-11(T) and HO2-1, were isolated from two Chinese marine solar salterns, Rudong solar saltern and Haimen solar saltern, respectively. Cells of the two strains were polymorphic and Gram-stain-negative; colonies were red-pigmented. The two strains grew at NaCl concentrations of 2.6-4.3 M (optimum 3.9 M) and required at least 0.1 M Mg2+ for growth. They were able to grow over a pH range of 6.0-8.0 and a temperature range of 20-50 degrees C, with optimal pH of 7.5 and optimal temperature of 37 degrees C. The major polar lipids of strain RO2-11(T) and strain HO2-1 were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and three glycolipids, two of them chromatographically identical to S-DGD-1 and DGD-1, the third unidentified. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain RO2-11(T) and strain HO2-1 was 99.3 % and highest sequence similarity with the closest relative (Haloferax larsenii) was 91.4 %. Based on the data obtained, the two isolates could not be classified in any recognized genus of the family Halobacteriaceae. Strain RO2-11(T) and strain HO2-1 are thus considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Halogranum rubrum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RO2-11(T) (=CGMCC 1.7738(T) =JCM 15772(T)).

Paenibacillus jilunlii sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of Begonia semperflorens

A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain Be17(T), was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Begonia semperflorens planted in Beijing Botanical Garden, PR China. Phylogenetic analyses based on a segment of the nifH gene sequence and a full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain Be17(T) was a member of the genus Paenibacillus. High levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found between strain Be17(T) and Paenibacillus graminis RSA19(T) (97.9 %), Paenibacillus sonchi LMG 24727(T) (97.8 %), Paenibacillus riograndensis CECT 7330(T) (96.2 %) and Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188(T) (96.1 %), respectively. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain Be17(T) and the type strains of other recognized members of the genus Paenibacillus were below 96.0 %. However, the DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain Be17(T) and P. graminis RSA19(T), P. sonchi LMG 24727(T) and P. riograndensis CECT 7330(T) were 47.9 %, 38.7 % and 37.5 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain Be17(T) was 52.9 mol%. The major fatty acid component of strain Be17(T) was anteiso-branched C(15 : 0) (30.92 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA G+C content, DNA-DNA relatedness, chemotaxonomic properties and nifH gene sequence, strain Be17(T) represents a nitrogen-fixing strain of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus jilunlii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Be17(T) ( = CGMCC 1.10239(T) = DSM 23019(T)).

Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment of the South China Sea

A novel Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, slightly halophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, strain T30(T), was isolated from sediment from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain T30(T) was a member of the genus Erythrobacter, sharing highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Erythrobacter aquimaris JCM 12189(T) (99.5 %) and Erythrobacter vulgaris DSM 17792(T) (99.0 %). Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain T30(T) and closely related strains of Erythrobacter species ranged from 14.5 to 56.9 %.The isolate lacked bacteriochlorophyll a and contained ubiquinone-10 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone. The major fatty acids of this strain were C(18 : 1) ω(38.2 %) and C(16 : 1) ω 7c /C(16 : 1) ω 6c (17.4 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain T30(T) was 59.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data, a novel species, Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis sp. nov., is proposed; the type strain is T30(T) (=CGMCC 1.7715(T)=JCM 16125(T)).

Luteimonas terricola sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from soil.

Strain BZ92r(T) was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Cells were Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and cold-adapted (growth at 1-25 degrees C). The major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (25.6 %), iso-C(17 : 1)omega9c (24.9 %), iso-C(11 : 0) (18.4 %) and iso-C(11 : 0) 3-OH (16.2 %). The predominant ubiquinone was ubiquinone-8. The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ92r(T) was a member of the genus Luteimonas (94.5-95.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain BZ92r(T) was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas. The name Luteimonas terricola sp. nov. is proposed, with BZ92r(T) (=DSM 22344(T) =CGMCC 1.8985(T)) as the type strain.

Colwellia polaris sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Arctic sea ice

A novel psychrotolerant, Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain 537T, was isolated from sea-ice samples from the Arctic. Strain 537T was able to grow at 4-26 degrees C, with optimum growth occurring at 20-21 degrees C. Strain 537T had Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone and contained iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 omega7c (22.95 %), C15:1 (17.64 %) and C17:1 omega8c (13.74 %) as the predominant cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 537T formed a coherent cluster within the genus Colwellia. The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.5 %) exhibited by strain 537T was obtained with respect to the type strain of Colwellia aestuarii. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties and DNA-DNA relatedness data, strain 537T represents a novel species of the genus Colwellia, for which the name Colwellia polaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 537T (=CGMCC 1.6132T =JCM 13952T).