Yu. V. Popov

Colloid and nanodimensional catalysts in organic synthesis: II. The hydrogenation of alkenes with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure

Colloid particles of metals of varying valence are found to be relatively cheap and easily prepared catalyst permitting the the hydrogenation under mild conditions. Procedure of reduction of unsaturated compounds with gaseous hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and low temperaturehas been developed. Colloid solutions of metals from the series iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese or their mixtures were prepared in situ directly in the reaction mixture. Selective the hydrogenation of multiple carbon-carbon bonds without the reduction of a series of functional groups was observed.

Colloid and nanodimensional catalysts in organic synthesis: III. Alkylation of amines with primary alcohols catalyzed by colloidal nickel and cobalt

Alkylation of primary amines with primary alcohols has been performed under catalysis by colloidal nickel and cobalt particles. The synthesis of the catalyst and alkylation of amines have been carried out in a one-pot mode. The alkylation at 160–180°C in 6–12 h yields 55–90% of secondary amines.

Colloid and nanosized catalysts in organic synthesis: XVI.1 Continuous hydrogenation of carbonitriles catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles applied on a support

Conversion of the starting nitriles and selectivity of the products formation during continuous hydrogenation of various nitriles catalyzed by Ni0/Ceokar-2 have been studied as functions of temperature. Performing the process at temperature 120–260°С has led to the formation of a mixture of products containing di- and trialkylamines as well as the corresponding imines and enamines.

Colloid and nanosized catalysts in organic synthesis: XII. Hydrogenation of carbonitriles catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles

The reaction of alkynes with hydrogen under atmospheric pressure in the presence of nickel nanoparticles as a catalyst led to the exhaustive hydrogenation of the triple bond.

Colloidal and nanosized catalysts in organic synthesis: XV. Gas-phase hydrogenation of alkenes catalyzed by supported nickel nanoparticles

Gas-phase hydrogenation of alkenes and their derivatives, catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles supported on zeolite or silica gel support occurs at 150–250°С and an atmospheric hydrogen pressure and results in a high conversion. The selectivity of the hydrogenation depends on the amount of hydrogen: at a low diene (triene)–hydrogen ratio, selective hydrogenation of one multiple bond in the substrate is possible.

Colloid and nanodimensional catalysts in organic synthesis: I. Investigation of hydrogenation selectivity of unsaturated compounds with hydrazine hydrate and aluminum hydride

Results of investigation of selective hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds with hydrazine hydrate or complex metal hydrides in the presence of metal nanoparticles are reported. Conditions of exhaustive and partial hydrogenation of some derivatives of norbornene, styrene, and unsaturated carboxylic acids are developed.

Colloid and nanosize catalysts in organic synthesis: VII. Catalysis with copper colloid particles in Leucart-Wallach reaction

Modification of Leucart-Wallach reaction using catalytic amounts of copper colloid particles was developed. Reductive amination of a series of cyclic ketones proceeds at 100°C under a small excess of formamide or of alkyl(aryl)ammonium formate.

Colloid and nanosized catalysts in organic synthesis: IX. Hydrogenation of enamines with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure

Hydrogenation of enamines with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure was performed using nickel nanoparticles as a catalyst. The reaction may be used to produce tertiary amines under mild conditions using an accessible catalyst.

Colloid and nano-sized catalysts in organic synthesis: X. Synthesis of carboxamides by direct amidation of carboxylic acids and transamidation catalyzed by colloid copper

It was found that in the presence of colloid copper the direct amidation of some carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines in benzene with azeotropic distillation of water became possible. The catalyst was proven to be suitable also for transamidation reaction of a number of carboxylic acid amides under mild conditions in solvent-free conditions.

Colloid and nanodimensional catalysts in organic synthesis: VI. Hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of carbonyl compounds

Aldehydes and ketones are found to be hydrogenated to alcohols with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure under the catalysis with nickel nanoparticles. The reaction under study may be used as technologically available and cheap method for hydrogenation of carbonyl groups. It is found that in the case of aromatic ketones hydrogenolysis of C=O bond with partial hydrogenation of aromatic groups takes place.