Yuji Mikata

Detection of 1270 nm emission from singlet oxygen and photocytotoxic property of sugar-pendant 60 fullerenes.

Sugar-pendant [60] fullerene derivatives have been prepared from carbohydrate-linked azides 1a-e. Both monosugar (4a-e) and bissugar derivatives (5a-e) produce singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) under laser irradiation (355 nm) proved by the direct observation of (1)O(2) emission at 1270 nm. Monosugar derivatives exhibit photocytotoxicity varying by the attached sugar molecule.

Testis-specific HMG-domain protein alters the responses of cells to cisplatin

Cisplatin is an effective agent for the treatment of testicular cancer. In the present study with mouse testicular teratocarcinoma cell extracts, we observed a deficiency in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of a DNA probe bearing a cisplatin 1,2-d(GpG) intrastrand cross-link. In contrast, repair of the cisplatin 1,3-d(GpTpG) intrastrand cross-link was still active in these cell extracts. A current working hypothesis is that complexes of HMG-domain proteins with the major cisplatin 1,2-intrastrand cross-links could enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity by blocking repair of these lesions on the genome. The family of HMG-domain proteins include a testis-specific protein, tsHMG, which might account for the altered NER in testicular cells. To test this possibility, a human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa) was constructed which ectopically expressed tsHMG under the control of an inducible promoter. Microscopic examination of tsHMG expression and cisplatin-induced apoptosis on a cellular level revealed that the nuclear protein did indeed modulate the cytotoxic consequences of cisplatin treatment. Also, tsHMG enhanced transcription inhibition by cisplatin. These results reveal that an HMG-domain protein can affect cellular responses to cisplatin and may be relevant to the clinical observation that cancer cells in specific tissues are particularly sensitive to cisplatin.

Sugar-dependent photocytotoxic property of tetra- and octa-glycoconjugated tetraphenylporphyrins

Abstract New tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives having eight glucose molecules were synthesized. Phototoxicity of these compounds against the HeLa cell line were compared to tetraglycosylated tetraphenylporphyrins. The highest activity was observed for a derivative having four OH-protected glucose moieties. Singlet oxygen producing ability was also examined to explain the difference in photocytotoxicities.

Unprecedented sugar-dependent in vivo antitumor activity of carbohydrate-pendant cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) complexes.

Eight carbohydrate-pendant platinum(II) complexes have been synthesized from carbohydrate-diamine conjugates. D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-xylose, and L-glucose are attached to the dichloroplatinum(II) moiety by 1,3- or 1,2-diaminopropane chelates through with an O-glycoside bond. All the carbohydrate moieties reduced the toxicity inherent with platinum(II) complexes.

Intercalator-linked cisplatin: synthesis and antitumor activity of cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes connected to acridine and phenylquinolines by one methylene chain

Abstract Three novel intercalator-linked cisplatin-type platinum complexes, cis-[ PtCl 2 (9−(2- aminoethyl)aminomethylacridine )/ ( 1 ) , cis-[PtCl2(4−(2-aminoethyl)aminomethyl-2-phynylquinoline)] (2), and cis-[PtCl2(8−(2-aminoethyl)aminomethl-2-phenylquinoline)] (3) were synthesized. The structure of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography (triclinic, space group P l with a = 15.007(b), b = 15.597(4), c = 10.398(3), A , a = 98.51°, β = 96.79(3)°, γ = 114.61(2)°, Z = 4, R = 0.053, R w = 0.063 ). The antitumor activity of the platinum complexes was investigated against the HeLa cell. Compound 3 was the most cytotoxic among the complexes synthesized here and was more effective than cisplatin. It was suggested from microscopic analysis that the acridine complex 1, which had no cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell, was not incorporated in the nucleus of the cell. Against the P388 cell, however, complex 1 gave a more therapeutic result than 3. The covalent binding ability of the cisplatin moiety was suppressed significantly in these compounds. The results of molecular mechanics showed that interculation and covalent binding could be compatible. The cytotoxicity and DNA binding ability of phenylquinoline-type ligands were also studied to evaluate the intrinsic cytotoxicity of the intercalator. From the duplex DNA denaturation experiment and fluorescent ethidium displacement assay, the DNA binding affinities of the ligands are in agreement with the cytotoxicity of these compounds and the corresponding platinum complexes.

Cellular Uptake and Photocytotoxicity of Glycoconjugated Porphyrins in Hela Cells.

Thirty‐two glycoconjugated porphyrins were synthesized by a modification of Lindsey method in the presence of Zn(OAc)2.2H2O as a template. The Zn2+ ion template strategy improved the yield about three‐fold in the case of meta ‐substituted tetraphenylporphyrins. In addition, free‐base porphyrins were obtained almost quantitatively by demetalation with 4 M HCI. Sixteen deacetylated glycoconjugated porphyrins were tested as candidate photodynamic therapy (PDT) drugs using HeLa cells. Most of the deacetylated glycoconjugated porphyrins showed higher cellular uptake than tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid (TPPS), and 5,10,15, 20‐tetrakis[4‐(β‐D‐arabinopyranosyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin p‐5d) in particular showed 18.5‐fold higher uptake than TPPS. The photocytotoxicity of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[4‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy) phenyl]porphyrin (p‐5a), (p‐5d and TPPS was examined with HeLa cells, using a light dose of 16 J/cm2. These photosensitizers had no cytotoxicity in the dark, but their photocytotoxicity increased in the order of TPPS p‐5a p‐5d. These results suggest p‐5d is a good candidate for a PDT drug.

Lewis Acid Promoted Reactions of Ethenetricarboxylates with Allenes: Synthesis of Indenes and γ-Lactones via Conjugate Addition/Cyclization Reaction

Indenes are important core structures in organic chemistry. Few simple arylallenes have been used to construct indene skeletons by Friedel-Crafts reaction. Lewis acid catalyzed reaction of ethenetricarboxylates 1 and arylallenes has been examined in this study. The reaction of arylallenes and ethenetricarboxylate triesters with SnCl(4) gave indene derivatives efficiently, via a conjugate addition/Friedel-Crafts cyclization reaction. On the other hand, the reactions of 1,1-diethyl 2-hydrogen ethenetricarboxylate and arylallenes or alkylallenes with SnCl(4) at -78 degrees C or room temperature and subsequent treatment with Et(3)N gave gamma-lactones. The reactions of triethyl ethenetricarboxylate and 1,1-dialkylallenes with SnCl(4) at room temperature also gave gamma-lactones.

Antioxidant action of sugar-pendant C60 fullerenes

The action of C60 fullerene and its derivatives as a radical-scavenging antioxidant has received much attention, but their reactivity toward free radicals and antioxidant capacity have not been well elucidated yet. In the present study, the reactivity of the two types of water-soluble, sugar-pendant C60 fullerenes, C60-1S and C60-2S, toward peroxyl radical and their effect against human plasma lipid peroxidation were measured. The rate constants for the reaction of C60-1S and C60-2S with peroxyl radicals were obtained from their effect on the bleaching of beta-carotene in lipid-SDS micelle system as 4.6 x 10(3) and 8.0 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) at 37 degrees C, respectively. They inhibited the free radical-induced lipid peroxidation in human plasma in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the sugar-pendant fullerenes C60-1S and C60-2S act as a radical-scavenging antioxidant with the activity similar to the phenolic antioxidants.

Synthesis and phototoxic property of tetra- and octa-glycoconjugated tetraphenylchlorins

New tetraphenylchlorin derivatives having four or eight glucose molecules were synthesized. Phototoxicity against the HeLa cell, singlet oxygen producing ability, and cell permeability were examined to evaluate the activity on photodynamic therapy of the compounds.

Quantitative Fluorescent Detection of Pyrophosphate with Quinoline-Ligated Dinuclear Zinc Complexes

Dinuclear zinc complex [Zn2(TQHPN)(AcO)](2+) exhibits characteristic fluorescence response (λex = 317 nm and λem = 455 nm) toward pyrophosphate (PPi) with maximum fluorescence upon 1:1 Zn2(TQHPN)-PPi complex formation. The crystallographic investigation utilizing P(1)P(2)-Ph2PPi revealed that the fluorescent response mechanism is due to intramolecular excimer formation of two quinoline rings.