Yunjian Zhou

The Effect of Metal Introduced Over ZSM-5 Zeolite for C9 Heavy Aromatics Hydrodealkylation

Abstract Five different (Bi, Ni, Mo, Pt, H)/ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for hydrodealkylation (HDA), isomerisation, dehydrogenated, cyclistion, and poly-alkyl-aromatics activities. Experiments were performed in a fixed-bed microreactor between 300°C and 420°C, at a total pressure of 0.8 MPa and a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h−1. Pt (Mo)/ZSM-5 catalysts enhanced activity in terms of better balance between metal nanoparticles formed and acid sites. Pt-loading catalysts were the best overall catalysts, producing high C9 alkyl-aromatics (isopropylbenzene) conversion (95.9%), high HDA selectivity (92.2%), and relatively low reaction temperature. Mo-loading catalysts, despite producing the high conversion, required the higher reaction temperatures.

Synergism of Hydrogen and Oil Composition in Noncatalytic Upgrading of Petroleum Residues

Synergism of hydrogen and composition of oils in noncatalytic upgrading of different petroleum residues were analyzed. Residues were upgraded under temperature of 400°C and initial pressure of 4 MPa for 20 min in the presence of hydrogen or nitrogen, respectively. In addition, anthracene was used as chemical probe to quantify the hydrogen-donating ability of the three feedstocks and the contribution of hydrogen gas. Results show that hydrogen has better synergism with the residue that contains more naphthenic aromatic structure, heteroatom, and metals. Moreover, hydrogen activation possibilities limit the effect of the hydrogen solubility of the oils on upgrading.

Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide Content on the Recombination Reaction Between 1-hexene and Hydrogen Sulfide with Hydrogen

Abstract The recombination reaction between H2S and 1-hexene with H2 was detected. The catalyst used was NiMoS/γ-Al2O3; the volume proportion of 1-hexene was 10 (vol%); H2S content was 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 μg/g, respectively; initial H2 pressure was 2.0 MPa; and reaction time and temperature were 2.0 hr and 473 K, respectively. It was revealed that, in the reaction system, as the content of H2S increased, the content of hexanethiol and total sulfide in the reaction system increased significantly. The inhibition of hydrogenation by H2S and the isomerization of 1-hexene toward 2-hexene and 3-hexene were researched. As the content of H2S increased, the mass fraction of hexane, 2-hexene, and 3-hexene decreased and the remaining 1-hexene increased in the reaction system; therefore, H2S inhibits the formation of hexane, 2-hexene, and 3-hexene.

Characterization of hydrocarbon/pores generation and methane adsorption in shale organic matter

ABSTRACT The exploration and development of shale gas reservoirs has been of growing interest in the industry in recent years. It has been widely acknowledged that, during different thermal evolution stages, some characteristics including: the hydrocarbon-generation mechanism, development of organic matter pores, and methane storage/transport mechanism in organic matter/pores will affect shale gas desorption and production fundamentally. However, current research has failed to reveal them completely, which introduces large discrepancies between actual and predicted production in some shale gas reservoirs. In this paper, for the four thermal evolution stages of shale organic matter, i.e., the biochemical, thermo-catalytic, thermo-cracking and deep high temperature phases, respectively, characteristics of products generated from shale kerogen, including the form and quality of the solid frame, gas-oil ratios, and pore characteristics in organic matter (e.g., types of pores, pore wall materials) were first investigated. A new classification method for organic-matter pores was proposed. Additionally, methane absorption characteristics in shale organic matter and pores were demonstrated, the fact that water is involved during each thermal evolution phase was addressed, and current theories of solid-gas interface adsorption/desorption in the organic matter in shale were questioned. This work concluded that the system of solid-gas interface differs from actual shale reservoirs, so predicting production based on this understanding leads to significant inaccuracies. This work explained the possibility of solid-liquid interface effects in the organic matter of shale through analyzing product-generation and pore-formation mechanisms during the evolution of shale, which will directly affect potential reserves of shale. Therefore, this work should provide a basis for improving the accuracy of production predictions in actual reservoirs and should assist analysts in determining reasonable shale gas targets.

Effect of 1-Hexene Volume Fraction on the Reaction between 1-Hexene and Hydrogen Sulfide with Hydrogen

Abstract The recombination reaction between H2S and 1-hexene with H2 was detected. The catalyst used was NiMoS/Al2O3 (presulfided); the volume fraction of 1-hexene in the model feedstock was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 (vol%), respectively; H2S concentration was 4,000 μg/g; initial H2 pressure was 2 MPa; and reaction time and reaction temperature were 2 hr and 473 K, respectively. It was revealed that, in the reaction system, as the volume fraction of 1-hexene increased, the concentration of total sulfur in the reaction system first increased significantly and then was steady; the hexanethiol content in the product first increased and then decreased. The hydrogenation of 1-hexene was promoted as the 1-hexene volume fraction increased. As the 1-hexene volume fraction increased, the mass fraction of hexane in the product increased; the mass fraction of 2-hexene in the product first increased and then decreased; the mass fraction of 3-hexene in the reaction system first increased significantly and then was steady.