Z.A. Mansurov

Extraction Fusicoccin from Wheat Seeds Using Nanocarbon Sorbents

New biostimulator from wheat seeds which by its chemical composition relates to fusicoccin is presented in this article. New biostimulator could be used as powerful hormonal substance that has ability to increase productivity and salt tolerance of agricultural plants.

Wound Healing Activity of Carbonized Rice Husk

The carbonized rice husk (CRH) was evaluated for its wound healing activity in rats using excision models. In this study, the influences of CRH on wound healing in rat skin in vivo and cellular behavior of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro were investigated. The obtained results showed that the CRH treatment promoted wound epithelization in rats and exhibited moderate inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. CRH with lanolin oil treated wounds were found to epithelize faster as compared to controls.

Peculiarities of Kinetics of New Fire Proof Fabrics Thermal Breakdown

According to theoretical consideration of metallurgists’ protective clothes reliability increase problem all the major questions, connected with obtaining of new kinds of composite materials and their properties regulated by special requirements, were experimentally studied. There is suggested a formation of new fireproofed fabrics, which have high protective properties to the melted drops of metal, injuring the special cloth of the metallurgist.

Extraction of Fusicoccin-like Compounds Using Nanocarbon Sorbents and Study of Their Biological and Cytotoxic Activity

The problem of creation and use of sorption materials are of current interest for the practice of the modern medicine and agriculture. The knowledge of physical and chemical rules of carbonization, activation as well as sorption and desorption processes is of particular importance in the case of application of the nanostructured carbon sorbent agent for high purification of water contaminated with pesticides, as well as for reducing the concentration of cytokines in the blood of sepsis patients. Practical importance is production of a biostimulant using a carbon sorbent for a significant increase in productivity, which is very relevant for the regions of Kazakhstan. It is now known that a plant phytohormone—fusicoccin in nanogram concentrations transforms cancer cells to the state of apoptosis. In this regard, there is a scientific practical interest in the development of a highly efficient method for producing fusicoccsin from extract of germinated wheat seeds. This method is based on selective sorption of fusicoccin by a nanostructured carbon sorbent. Thus, it becomes possible to create a high-performance domestic anticancer drug.

Modified Carbonized Rice Husk as Low-Cost CO2 Adsorbent: Perspectives and Possible Improvements

The international scientific community in the recent years deserves great attention to the problem of greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere. Particular importance was given to the development of CO2 capture and storage strategies. This work investigates the possibility to use carbonized rice husk as a low cost starting materials for the production of СО2 sorbents. The performances toward CO2 capture of materials based on rice husk were carried out in a static microreactor showed high efficiency up to 60% with respect to the previously studied carbon-based sorbents. Introduction Recently the international scientific community pays a great attention to environmental issues, especially climate change and global warming. Both these issues require global efforts to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). To this aim, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is still considered the main strategy for achieving CO2 emission reduction targets [1]. Three major CCS approaches are currently applied: post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture and oxy-fuel combustion [2]. Post-combustion is the most advantageous CO2 capture strategy, as it does not imply substantial modifications to the combustion process technologies at the present days used. Among the many CO2 separation processes proposed, adsorption is the most mature and commonly adopted due to its high efficiency and lower cost. The use of solid sorbents offers remarkable advantages over the other separation methods because it is characterized by great capacity, ease of handling, selectivity and lower energy for regeneration [3]. A lot of materials have been explored as CO2 sorbent, including amine-impregnated solids [4], carbon-based and graphite/graphene-based materials, zeolite-based materials, MOF-based sorbents, silica-based sorbents, polymer-based adsorbents, clay-based adsorbents, alkali metal carbonatebased adsorbents, immobilized ionic liquid-based adsorbents, LDH-based sorbents, MgO-based sorbents, CaO-based sorbents, alkali zirconate-based sorbents, alkali silicate-based sorbents etc. [57]. This work describes the preparation of solid CO2 sorbents from biomass waste resources, more precisely sorbents based on carbonized rice husk (cRH). Rice is the one of most important cultivated food crop worldwide. It accounts for more than 20% of the world’s crop feeds and productions for approximately 50% of the world’s population. Rice husk (RH) is the hard protecting covering of rice grains. RH protects the seed during all growing season, since it is formed from hard materials, including lignin and opaline silica. Lignocellulosic materials, such as vegetable wastes, if properly treated under controlled conditions are an inexhaustible and renewable source of carbonaceous materials with reproducible chemico-physical characteristics exploitable in CCS approaches. Moreover lignocellulosic materials have a more even geographic distribution compared to that of oil or coal representing recyclable natural alternative to traditional fuel in the production of carbon materials. RH is a large-scale agricultural waste abundantly available in rice producing countries, obtained during the milling of paddy (22 wt. % of the weight of unmilled rice is received as husk) [8, 9] and various methods to produce carbon materials from this are well investigated. RH being the outer shell of rice kernels protects the internal components from external attacks of insects and bacteria, but also RH need to get air and moisture for the growth of corn. Due to this peculiar function, rice in the process of natural evolution has created in its husk characteristics shapes with nanoporous layers. These properties let us applying RH in different field of science: in biomedicine and environmental applications, as fertilizer, as a mineral admixture in concrete, Li-ion battery anodes, petroleum adsorption etc. When RH is carbonized under controlled conditions its surface area and porosity increase making carbonized RH a good candidate for CCS approaches. The adsorption properties of cRH are an interesting research subject in industrial and environmental context. Annually about 200 million tons of RH are produced in the world. The production and use of adsorbent materials based on RH can contribute to mitigate two environmental problems: utilization of agricultural wastes and CO2 abatement. There are many studies on cRH used for waste water remediation, also have a lot of adsorbent for oil products and blood [10-15]. In this work we investigate adsorption behavior of materials based on RH for CO2 capture. Experimental Carbonization of RH was performed in auger furnace in the 500° 800°C temperature range for 3 hours. More than 350 kg at day of carbonized rice husk (cRH) in Innovative Enterprises “Zhalyn” in Almaty, Kazakhstan can be obtained. Carbonized rice husk features are presented at the Figure 1. high surface area, good porosity and a carbon content around 66 wt.% (EDAX) (RH was investigated in Nanolaboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan). The presence of silica, revealed by EDAX, indicates that cRH can be stored for long time, without significant degradation. Figure 1. Characterization of cRH (SEM and EDAX). Sorbents based on cRH were produced by a base-leaching procedure [16]. We prepared 2 samples by treating cRH with two different strong bases: NH4OH (28% water solution) and NaOH (5M). The obtained samples were labeled as cRH-NH4OH and cRH-NaOH, respectively. Briefly, cRH was suspended into 200 mL of de-ionized water by sonication for 20 min. The mixture was kept at 30° C for 30 min under stirring. After that, 10 mL 28% ammonia solution or 5M solution of NaOH was added. The mixture was kept for 1 h at 90° C under stirring. The schematically workup of the reaction represent below in Figure 2. Figure 2. Base-leaching method to obtain sorbents based on cRH. Carbon dioxide sorption activity of cRH-NH4OH and cRH-NaOH was assessed by tests in a fixed bed reactor (shown below in Figure 3.) with CO2/N2 gas mixture (15 Nl/h) at a fixed CO2 concentration (3% vol), operating under atmospheric pressure. The CO2 concentration in the inlet and outlet gas streams has been measured by online continuous ABB infrared gas analyzer. A laboratory scale fixed bed Pyrex microreactor (ID = 1 cm, length = 60 cm) operating under atmospheric pressure has been used for the preliminary evaluation of the CO2 adsorption capacity of different samples. N2 and CO2 flowrates have been set by means of mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst), and subsequently mixed before entering the bed (Figure 3.). The CO2 concentration in the column effluent gas is continuously monitored as a function of time (breakthrough curve) until the gas composition approaches the inlet gas composition value, until bed saturation is reached. The time taken by the gas mixture to flow from the fixed bed to the analyzer has been previously measured by flowing the gas mixture through the empty bed (about 50 s) [3]. Figure 3. Fixed bed micro-reactor for measure CO2 capture. These measurements were performed at Institute of Research Combustion IRC-CNR, Napoli, Italy. Results and Discussion Preliminary results in terms of absorbed CO2 moles and time need for saturation of the samples (breakthrough time) are reported in Table 1. As clearly shown by the reported values, the sorption capacity of cRH-NH4OH was about 33.59 mgCO2/g better than cRH-NaOH (21,88 mgCO2/g) and both samples better than raw cRH (11,26 mgCO2/g and 8 s ). Time for saturation better with cRHNH4OH and total 25 s, then cRH-NaOH saturated time for this sorbent 13 s. It is better then samples based only RH, which saturation time was 8 s. Table 1. Preliminary results of CO2 adsorption tests. Sample mads (mgCO2/g) tb (s) cRH 11,26 8 cRH-NH4OH 33.59 25 cRH-NaOH 21.88 13 With reference to carbon based samples investigated in the same conditions at IRC-CNR, Napoli, Italy (Table 2.) we observe an increase of efficiency of sorbents based on cRH more than 60% with respect to the composite materials based on carbon black and magnetite (CB–FM), and about 23% than CB–IL (composite material based on carbon black and ionic liquid) also confirmed by the higher breakthrough times exhibited by the cRH and modified cRH samples [17]. Table 2. Previous results on CO2 adsorption screening tests in fixed bed reactor on carbon back (CB)-based samples (adapted from [17]). Sample Description mads(mgCO2/g) t* (s) CB Carbon black 6.5 2 CBox Oxidized carbon black 6.6 0 CBox–NH2 Oxidized carbon black amino-groups 12.8 1 FM Magnetite 10.8 1 CB–FM Carbon black–Magnetite composite 18.3 2 CBox–FM Oxidized carbon black–Magnetite composite 8.0 1 CB–IL Ionic liquid supported on carbon black 27.3 18 CBox–IL Ionic liquid supported on oxidized carbon black 9.9 6 Conclusions CO2 sorption activity of samples prepared by cRH base-leaching was assessed by tests in a fixed bed reactor. CO2 capture capacity of the sorbents obtained from cRH by leaching with NH4OH (cRH-NH4OH) is higher than Ionic liquid supported on carbon black [17]. Also cRH-NaOH sorption capacity is higher than other composite and hybrids materials based on chemico-physical modification of carbon black [17]. These encouraging preliminary results open up the possibility to widely and profitably use cRH as a low cost biomass-derived materials for CO2 capture.

Supercritical solvent extraction of oil sand bitumen

The supercritical solvent extraction of bitumen from oil sand studied with organic solvents. The experiments were performed in autoclave reactor at temperature above 255 °С and pressure 29 atm with stirring for 6 h. The reaction resulted in the formation of coke products with mineral part of oil sands. The remaining products separated into SARA fractions. The properties of the obtained products were studied. The supercritical solvent extraction significantly upgraded extracted natural bitumen.The supercritical solvent extraction of bitumen from oil sand studied with organic solvents. The experiments were performed in autoclave reactor at temperature above 255 °С and pressure 29 atm with stirring for 6 h. The reaction resulted in the formation of coke products with mineral part of oil sands. The remaining products separated into SARA fractions. The properties of the obtained products were studied. The supercritical solvent extraction significantly upgraded extracted natural bitumen.

Ways of Using Rubber Crumb from Worn Tires

In the paper ways of using rubber crumb from worn tires were investigated. Possibilities of preparing Rubber-Bitumen Compounds (RBC) based rubber crumb (RC) from worn tires were studied experimentally. The physico-mechanical characteristics of paving bitumen BND 60/90 modified with rubber crumb and spent engine oil. The structure of rubber crumb was characterized by optical microscopy. Physico-mechanical characteristics of RBC were detrminated by standard methods. It is established that the quantity of entered binders depending on physical and chemical conditions, which was optimal composition of rubber-oil at a ratio of 1:1 and 3:2 and introduction to bitumen in amount of 15-25 wt.%.

The Evaluation of Process of Bioremediation of Oil-Polluted Soils by Different Strains of Pseudomonas

The determination of content hydrocarbon of diesel fuels and individual hydrocarbons in oil-polluted soil before and after bioremediation by oil-oxidational microorganisms was carried out by method of chromato-mass-spectrometry. It has been shown that changes in composition hydrocarbons of diesel fuels and individual hydrocarbons in soil observe during growth of microorganisms on this soil.

Development and Antimicrobial Properties of a Composite Sorbent from Carbonized Rice Husk and Fugate of Sporogenous Bacteria

A new composite sorbent based on carbonized rice husk (CRH) and immobilized on it inactivated cultural liquid containing antimicrobials of Bacillus subtilis CK-245 is developed. The sorption and antimicrobic activity of CRH concerning five species of Enterobacteriaceae is studied. Prospects of use of developed sorbent in medicine and veterinary science is shown.

Application of SHS-Refractories during Limestone Furnace Refurbishment

This paper summarizes the results of the limestone furnace upgrade / refurbishment using the SHS-refractory material upon the furnace gas distribution coring.