Zaid Awad

Construct validity of the ovine model in endoscopic sinus surgery training

To demonstrate construct validity of the ovine model as a tool for training in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Simulation in laryngology training; what should we invest in? Our experience with 64 porcine larynges and a literature review

1 Wasson J.D., Kanegaonkar R.G., Vaz F.M. et al. (2006)Howwe do it: diagrammatic recording of tympanomastoid procedures. Clin. Otolaryngol. 31, 543–545 2 Maskell S., Chong D., Gluckman P. et al. (2011) Comparison of diagrammatic recording versus traditional written account of tympanomastoid procedures. Otorhinolaryngol. 3, 102–103 3 Yung M., Gjuric M., Haeusler R. et al. (2005) An international otology database. Otol Neurotol. 26, 1087–1092

Construct validity of cadaveric temporal bones for training and assessment in mastoidectomy

To determine the construct validity of cadaveric temporal bones in mastoidectomy training.

Feasibility of a synthetic temporal bone for training in mastoidectomy: face, content, and concurrent validity.

Objective To investigate the face, content, and concurrent validity of the synthetic Pettigrew temporal bone (PTB) for mastoidectomy training as compared with cadaveric temporal bone (CTB). Study Design A prospective evaluation study. Methods Participants were invited to perform a step-by-step modified radical mastoidectomy using both bones and complete a 22-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The questionnaire is divided into 4 domains: face validity (FV), global content (GC), task-specific content (TSC), and curriculum recommendation (CR). Results Thirty-six experts and 89 trainees completed all tasks, 63 using CTB and 62 using PTB. The PTB median FV was 4 (IQR: 4–5), GC of 4 (IQR: 4–5), TSC of 4 (IQR: 3–4), and CR of 4 (IQR: 4–5). The CTB was rated significantly higher than PTB by both groups in all domains; CTB FV: 5 (IQR: 4–5), GC: 5 (IQR: 4–5), TSC: 5 (IQR: 4–5), and CR: 5 (IQR: 5–5), p < 0.001 for each. Trainees rated PTB significantly higher than experts in all domains. There was no statistically significant difference between experts and trainees in rating the CTB in all domains. PTB gives similar haptic feedback to CTB, allows the use of suction and irrigation, has the important landmarks painted for identification, and contains articulating ossicles. The facial nerve anatomy was found to be inaccurate around the region of the second genu. Conclusion Participants found PTB to be valid for teaching some, yet not all, aspects of mastoid surgery, and experts agreed that it could improve global transferrable otologic skills. It is essential that the facial nerve anatomy is addressed before recommending this model.

Face and content validity of sheep heads in endoscopic rhinology training

The objective of this study was to assess the face and content validity of the sheep head model in endoscopic rhinology training.

Does direct observation of procedural skills reflect trainee's progress in otolaryngology?

UK surgical trainees are required to undertake work‐based assessments each year in order to progress in their training. Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) is one of these assessments. We aim to investigate the validity of DOPS in assessing otolaryngology trainees at all levels.

Suitability of the ovine model for simulation training in rhinology

INTRODUCTION The acquisition of high-quality endoscopic skills in rhinology presents a specific challenge to trainees in otolaryngology. In particular, developing hand-eye coordination and depth perception using endoscopic instruments takes time. These issues are compounded by the complex nature of sinonasal anatomy, the proximity of vital neurovascular structures, and governmental restrictions on working hours. As a consequence, simulation training has gained popularity as it offers the potential for practice in a safe, controlled environment outside of working hours. Various sinonasal training models have been developed and trialed. The human cadaver self-evidently offers the greatest anatomical realism, but it is expensive and preservation techniques can alter tissue appearance and handling. Synthetic and virtual models vary significantly in cost, but they are unable to reproduce the subtleties of real tissues. Animal models represent the principle alternative as they offer advantages of low cost and realistic tissue handling. Both ovine and lamb’s head models have been successfully utilized. However, there exists the obvious drawback of differing anatomy. Therefore, our study sought to evaluate the suitability of the ovine model for use in an otolaryngological training program, in particular, considering comparative ovine anatomy, cost, and the potential for gaining transferrable skills complementary to clinical training.

Reliability and validity of procedure-based assessments in otolaryngology training

To investigate the reliability and construct validity of procedure‐based assessment (PBA) in assessing performance and progress in otolaryngology training.

Utilisation and outcomes of Case-based discussion in otolaryngology training

To assess the reliability, validity and outcomes of Case‐based Discussion (CBD) in otolaryngology training.

Utilisation, Reliability and Validity of Clinical Evaluation Exercise in Otolaryngology Training.

To investigate the utilisation, reliability and validity of clinical evaluation exercise (CEX) in otolaryngology training.