Zaida Arteta

Uso racional de antimicrobianos en el departamento de medicina interna de un hospital universitario: resultados de una experiencia piloto

Introduction: The programs of rational use of antibiotics are designed to optimize antimicrobial therapy and minimize the emergence of bacterial resistance. In order to optimize the use of antibiotics we implemented an educational program based on the application of a checklist criteria for the rational use of these drugs. Method: We performed a cohort study unpaired in the Department of Internal Medicine, during three months. We compared a prospective cohort (A) which used a checklist, with a retrospective cohort (B) in wich prescription was based on usual clinical practice. Results: We included 227 prescriptions of antibiotics. In cohort A compared to B, there was a higher proportion of switch to oral antibiotics agents and adjustment of the antimicrobial therapy to the susceptibility in the antibiogram and reduced use of associated antibiotics. Total antibiotic consumption was 117.7 DDD/100 bed-days (Defi ned Daily Doses). Consumption in cohorts A and B was 46.1 DDD/100 bed-days and 71.6 DDD/100 bed-days (reduction, 35.6%). There was also a reduction in consumption of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, quinolones, vancomycin and carbapenems. Costs were reduced by 55%. There was no difference in the average hospital stay. Conclusions: The implementation of an educational strategy based on a checklist allowed the optimum use of antibiotics.INTRODUCTION The programs of rational use of antibiotics are designed to optimize antimicrobial therapy and minimize the emergence of bacterial resistance. In order to optimize the use of antibiotics we implemented an educational program based on the application of a checklist criteria for the rational use of these drugs. METHOD We performed a cohort study unpaired in the Department of Internal Medicine, during three months. We compared a prospective cohort (A) which used a checklist, with a retrospective cohort (B) in wich prescription was based on usual clinical practice. RESULTS We included 227 prescriptions of antibiotics. In cohort A compared to B, there was a higher proportion of switch to oral antibiotics agents and adjustment of the antimicrobial therapy to the susceptibility in the antibiogram and reduced use of associated antibiotics. Total antibiotic consumption was 117.7 DDD/100 bed-days (Defined Daily Doses). Consumption in cohorts A and B was 46.1 DDD/100 bed-days and 71.6 DDD/100 bed-days (reduction, 35.6%). There was also a reduction in consumption of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, quinolones, vancomycin and carbapenems. Costs were reduced by 55%. There was no difference in the average hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of an educational strategy based on a checklist allowed the optimum use of antibiotics.

Un caso excepcional de paracoccidioidomicosis e histoplasmosis pulmonares de presentación concomitante

The incidence of pulmonary fungal infections is very low in Uruguay, and such infections typically affect immunocompromised patients. We report the case of an immunocompetent patient presenting with a two-month history of cough, dyspnea, and fever. The patient resided in a rural area. Imaging tests revealed extensive pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. On the basis of direct mycological examination, culture, and serological testing, we made a diagnosis of concomitant histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis. The patient presented arterial hypotension that was diagnostic of adrenocortical insufficiency. Although the pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonia were irreversible, the clinical condition of the patient improved after antifungal treatment. This was an exceptional case of two pulmonary fungal infections occurring simultaneously in the same patient.