Zaida Aurora Sperli Geraldes Soler

Afastamentos do trabalho na enfermagem: ocorrências com trabalhadores de um hospital de ensino

As condicoes laborais da equipe de enfermagem frequentemente sao marcadas por riscos, os quais repercutem em elevado absenteismo e licencas-saude. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os afastamentos entre trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital geral de ensino da cidade de Sao Jose do Rio Preto-SP, registrados durante o ano de 1999. Trata-se de uma investigacao epidemiologica censitaria, cuja coleta de dados foi efetuada por meio de consulta aos registros do Centro de Atendimento ao Trabalhador do hospital estudado. Os resultados indicaram que, no periodo, 333 trabalhadores envolveram-se em 662 episodios de afastamento. As licencas-saude ocorreram, principalmente, por problemas geniturinario e doencas mal definidas entre enfermeiros, tecnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem; e doencas dos orgaos dos sentidos, doencas infecta-parasitarias e doencas respiratorias entre os atendentes de enfermagem. Os dados obtidos subsidiam melhor analise dessa situacao neste hospital e intervencoes para melhoria das condicoes de trabalho vigentes.

Health and quality of life of medical residents

OBJECTIVE This article highlights the relationship between health and quality of life among the resident medical staff. METHODS A review was carried out to analyze the content of the relationship under study. Sources for this search were the Virtual Health Library (VHL), by BIREME (Centro Latino-American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information), the Electronic databases Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line) Lilacs (Literatura Latino-American and Caribbean Health Sciences), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and the email address scholar.google.com.br. Descriptors used were: Quality of life, Burnout, Internship and Residency. Planning and analysis of scientific literature, was performed to evaluate and discuss issues presented in the studies related to the subject, considering the distribution of publications according to country of origin, date of publication, source and title, focus of study and main conclusions. RESULTS Studies published point to high rates of burnout, stress, depression, fatigue and insomnia among medical residents; moreover a lack of coping strategies, the relationship between workload and quality of life, require a change of medical legislation regarding work-based learning. CONCLUSION Studies have shown that an adequate training program is needed not only to increase professional qualification and personal quality of life, but also to provide safety during patient treatment. It is known that residency training is stressful; it is nevertheless a process required to prepare for a solid career and personal growth of the young medical staff.OBJETIVO: Discutir sobre saude e qualidade de vida de medicos residentes. METODOS: Estudo de revisao bibliografica no qual se realizou a analise de conteudo do assunto enfocado. A fonte de busca foi a Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS), por meio da BIREME (Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informacao em Ciencias da Saude), nas Bases Eletronicas Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrietal System On-Line), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude), SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library On Line) e pelo endereco eletronico scholar.google.com.br. Os descritores utilizados foram: qualidade de vida, estresse, internato e residencia. Realizou-se o ordenamento e a analise da bibliografia cientifica, de modo a avaliar e discutir aspectos apresentados nos estudos com relacao a tematica, considerando a distribuicao das publicacoes segundo pais de origem, o periodo de publicacao, a fonte e o titulo, o foco de estudo e as principais conclusoes. RESULTADOS: As publicacoes analisadas abordam aspectos importantes como incidencias elevadas de Burnout, estresse, depressao, fadiga e sono entre os residentes; dificuldade de enfrentamento; relacao entre carga horaria de trabalho e qualidade de vida; necessidade de melhorias na legislacao da residencia medica para melhorar as condicoes de trabalho e aprendizado. CONCLUSAO: A implementacao de programas de assistencia aos residentes produz melhorias na qualidade da capacitacao profissional e na qualidade de vida pessoal, melhorando o relacionamento com os pacientes. Apesar de estressante, a residencia medica e uma experiencia enriquecedora, que propicia o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal dos jovens medicos.

Alimentação de crianças no primeiro semestre de vida: enfoque no aleitamento materno exclusivo

OBJETIVOS: descrever o tipo de alimentacao recebida por 205 criancas nos primeiros seis meses de vida. METODOS: estudo descritivo, de carater exploratorio, enfocando-se o aleitamento materno exclusivo. A pesquisa foi realizada na cidade de Votuporanga, interior de Sao Paulo, durante um dia nacional de multivacinacao. As informacoes foram obtidas por meio de entrevista estruturada com as maes das criancas incluidas no estudo. RESULTADOS: a maioria das maes amamentou, mas menos da metade realizou aleitamento materno exclusivo nos primeiros seis meses de vida do bebe. A maioria das entrevistadas tinham idade entre 15 e 31 anos; eram casadas ou viviam em uniao consensual; com grau de escolaridade em nivel fundamental incompleto e com rendimento familiar de um ate seis salarios minimos. 62,6% das mulheres receberam orientacao sobre a amamentacao durante o pre-natal. CONCLUSOES: os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a importância da investigacao do tipo de alimento oferecido para a crianca durante o primeiro semestre de vida; assim como para a necessidade de orientacao das mulheres durante todo o ciclo reprodutivo, a fim de obtermos maior aderencia ao aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Estudo comparativo de dois critérios utilizados no Programa Saúde da Família na priorização do tratamento da cárie entre crianças de 5 a 12 anos

The objective of this study was to evaluate two classification criteria used to prioritize treatment of dental caries under the Brazilian Family Health Program. The study was held in Ipiguá, São Paulo State, and included 538 five-to-twelve-year-old children. The children underwent an oral examination and assessment of two classification criteria in order to prioritize restorative dental treatment. Based on caries activity, 236 children (75.4%) were prioritized for dental care, while the criterion based on amount and size of the cavity included 73 children (23.4%). Using the two criteria, 186 children (59.4%) were not classified with the same priority for restorative treatment. Determining the precedence for restorative dental treatment must be based on the caries activity, number of cavities, need for treatment, and type of dentition involved (deciduous or permanent). Subjective measures can also be used as a supplement for more rational planning.

Nursing absenteeism: occurrences at a university hospital

As condicoes laborais da equipe de enfermagem frequentemente sao marcadas por riscos, os quais repercutem em elevado absenteismo e licencas-saude. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os afastamentos entre trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital geral de ensino da cidade de Sao Jose do Rio Preto-SP, registrados durante o ano de 1999. Trata-se de uma investigacao epidemiologica censitaria, cuja coleta de dados foi efetuada por meio de consulta aos registros do Centro de Atendimento ao Trabalhador do hospital estudado. Os resultados indicaram que, no periodo, 333 trabalhadores envolveram-se em 662 episodios de afastamento. As licencas-saude ocorreram, principalmente, por problemas geniturinario e doencas mal definidas entre enfermeiros, tecnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem; e doencas dos orgaos dos sentidos, doencas infecta-parasitarias e doencas respiratorias entre os atendentes de enfermagem. Os dados obtidos subsidiam melhor analise dessa situacao neste hospital e intervencoes para melhoria das condicoes de trabalho vigentes.

Costs and consumption of material resources in pediatric intensive and semi-intensive care units

La gestion de costos de materiales de consumo hospitalario es un tema actual en investigacion, especialmente en unidades de salud especializadas. Los enfermeros son destacados como los principales gestores de consumo y costos de materiales hospitalarios. En este estudio, objetivo-se caracterizar Unidades Pediatricas de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) y Semi-intensiva de un hospital escuela e investigar el consumo y costo de materiales utilizados en la asistencia de pacientes ingresados en esas unidades. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, de abordaje cuantitativo. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Sistema de Informacion Hospitalaria y analizados de acuerdo con la clasificacion ABC. El gasto medio fue semejante entre las UTIs cardiologica y neonatal, y menor en las unidades de terapia intensiva y semi-intensiva pediatricas. Hubo variacion significativa en el consumo mensual de materiales. Los materiales de mayor costo presentaron un mayor impacto en el presupuesto de las unidades estudiadas. Los datos revelan la importancia del uso de un metodo sistemico de analisis de consumo y gastos de materiales en unidades pediatricas y subsidian acciones administrativas de economia.Cost management of hospital material resources is a trendy research topic, especially in specialized health units. Nurses are pointed out as the main managers for costs and consumption of hospital materials resources. This study aimed to characterize Pediatric Intensive and Semi-Intensive Care Units of a teaching hospital and investigate costs and consumption of material resources used to treat patients admitted to these units. This is a descriptive exploratory study with retrospective data and quantitative approach. Data were obtained from a Hospital Information System and analyzed according to the ABC classification. The average expenditures were similar in both the neonatal and cardiac units, and lower in Pediatric Intensive and Semi-Intensive care units. There was a significant variation in the monthly consumption of materials. Higher cost materials had a greater impact on the budget of the studied units. The data revealed the importance of using a systematic method for the analysis of materials consumption and expenditure in pediatric units. They subsidize administrative and economic actions.

Consumo e custo de recursos materiais em unidades pediátricas de terapia intensiva e semi-intensiva

La gestion de costos de materiales de consumo hospitalario es un tema actual en investigacion, especialmente en unidades de salud especializadas. Los enfermeros son destacados como los principales gestores de consumo y costos de materiales hospitalarios. En este estudio, objetivo-se caracterizar Unidades Pediatricas de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) y Semi-intensiva de un hospital escuela e investigar el consumo y costo de materiales utilizados en la asistencia de pacientes ingresados en esas unidades. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, de abordaje cuantitativo. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Sistema de Informacion Hospitalaria y analizados de acuerdo con la clasificacion ABC. El gasto medio fue semejante entre las UTIs cardiologica y neonatal, y menor en las unidades de terapia intensiva y semi-intensiva pediatricas. Hubo variacion significativa en el consumo mensual de materiales. Los materiales de mayor costo presentaron un mayor impacto en el presupuesto de las unidades estudiadas. Los datos revelan la importancia del uso de un metodo sistemico de analisis de consumo y gastos de materiales en unidades pediatricas y subsidian acciones administrativas de economia.Cost management of hospital material resources is a trendy research topic, especially in specialized health units. Nurses are pointed out as the main managers for costs and consumption of hospital materials resources. This study aimed to characterize Pediatric Intensive and Semi-Intensive Care Units of a teaching hospital and investigate costs and consumption of material resources used to treat patients admitted to these units. This is a descriptive exploratory study with retrospective data and quantitative approach. Data were obtained from a Hospital Information System and analyzed according to the ABC classification. The average expenditures were similar in both the neonatal and cardiac units, and lower in Pediatric Intensive and Semi-Intensive care units. There was a significant variation in the monthly consumption of materials. Higher cost materials had a greater impact on the budget of the studied units. The data revealed the importance of using a systematic method for the analysis of materials consumption and expenditure in pediatric units. They subsidize administrative and economic actions.

Dual causation accident: a third type of work-related accident and its importance for occupational health surveillance

The scope of this study is to contribute to the improvement of Occupational Health Surveillance in the Unified Health System (UHS), through the recognition and inclusion of a third type of work-related accident in the current Brazilian legislation classification: the dual causation accident. This classification aims at facilitating the establishment of a causal connection, thus broadening the understanding of the relationship between work process and the production of diseases. It also aims at improving legal rules to protect the health of workers. This approach, besides enabling the identification of sentinel events (starting point of surveillance activities), might contribute not only to a decrease in underreporting of work-related accidents, but also to the uniformity of concepts and the implementation of integrated actions of the National Social Security Institute (NISS), the UHS, the Ministry of Labor (MLE) and the Judiciary for the protection of workers. To propose a third type of occupational accident, a study of occupational accidents and causes of underreporting was conducted, with reference to the Brazilian labor legislation in the context of the National Policy on Occupational Health and the UHS.

987 Tanneries and occupational health: literature review

Introduction In Brazil, tanning animal hides is an important economic activity and employ more than 400 thousands workers. There are some occupational riskis in this work process, such as chemical and physical agents, ergonomics, etc. This study aims to make a literature review on tanneries and occupational health. Methods The review used BIREME – BVS database to find articles searched using keywords ‘tannery’. We found 759 documents but 480 were excluded because do not provide full open access. From 279 results, we selected 35 which presented ‘occupational exposure’ and ‘occupational disease’ keywords. Only one were in Portuguese language. Result The productive process can be divided into three major phases: initial (called ‘ribeira’ in Portuguese), tannery and post-tannery, each with its predominant risks and diseases. The diseases of tanning workers described in the articles were dermatitis (irritatives and atopics) resulting from contact with chemical products used (alkalis, humectants, sulfides, chlorides, whitewash, ammonium salts, chromium III salts and hexavalents, fungicides, dyes), genetic changes linked to chromium use, occupational asthma, and various types of cancer, such as: mouth, pharynx, bladder, kidney, prostate, pancreas, soft tissues sarcomas, and some cases of myeloma. Discussion The work of tanning is carried out, mainly, in countries with less time of industrialization and/or that are little attentive to the prevention of the workers exposure to the occupational risks to health. Faced with the socio-economic relevance of the sector ‘Leathers’, it is concluded that the literature is sparse in regards to the tanneries and occupational health issue.Introduction In Brazil, tanning animal hides is an important economic activity and employ more than 400 thousands workers. There are some occupational riskis in this work process, such as chemical and physical agents, ergonomics, etc. This study aims to make a literature review on tanneries and occupational health. Methods The review used BIREME – BVS database to find articles searched using keywords ‘tannery’. We found 759 documents but 480 were excluded because do not provide full open access. From 279 results, we selected 35 which presented ‘occupational exposure’ and ‘occupational disease’ keywords. Only one were in Portuguese language. Result The productive process can be divided into three major phases: initial (called ‘ribeira’ in Portuguese), tannery and post-tannery, each with its predominant risks and diseases. The diseases of tanning workers described in the articles were dermatitis (irritatives and atopics) resulting from contact with chemical products used (alkalis, humectants, sulfides, chlorides, whitewash, ammonium salts, chromium III salts and hexavalents, fungicides, dyes), genetic changes linked to chromium use, occupational asthma, and various types of cancer, such as: mouth, pharynx, bladder, kidney, prostate, pancreas, soft tissues sarcomas, and some cases of myeloma. Discussion The work of tanning is carried out, mainly, in countries with less time of industrialization and/or that are little attentive to the prevention of the workers exposure to the occupational risks to health. Faced with the socio-economic relevance of the sector ‘Leathers’, it is concluded that the literature is sparse in regards to the tanneries and occupational health issue.

Puerperae bonding with their children and labor experiences

OBJECTIVES To analyze the degree of bonding of puerperae with their babies, both in isolation and associated with experiences during and after labor. METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out among 200 puerperae in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. To evaluate the mother-child bond, we used the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). RESULTS The mean age of puerperae was 26.4 years; most women were white (60.0%), were married (87.5%), and had an elementary education (51.5%). Most deliveries were cesarean (80.0% of cases); 68.0% of women had no pain during labor, and only 54% had skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery. Type of labor and pain did not significantly change the maternal bond, and the lack of skin-to-skin contact negatively influenced the bond. CONCLUSIONS Pueperae participants had a high degree of bonding with their babies that is mainly related to history of skin-to-skin contact. Nurses must promote strategies that encourage skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn in the delivery room.