Zainal Alam Haron

Design improvement of a new outer-rotor hybrid excitation flux switching motor for in-wheel drive EV

Research and developments of in-wheel motors applied in pure electric vehicles (EVs) propulsion systems have attracted great attention recently. This is due to their definite advantages of great controllability for each independent wheel as well as the availability of more cabin space due to removal of conventional mechanical transmission and differential gears. Moreover, more series batteries can be installed to increase the driving distance. Since the motors are attached directly to the wheel, the major requirements are to have high torque density and efficiency. As one of alternative candidates with high torque possibility, a new design of outer-rotor hybrid excitation flux switching motor for in-wheel drive EV is proposed in this paper. The proposed motor consists of 12 slots of stator poles, and 10 rotor poles, with all active parts are located on the stator. In addition, it has a robust rotor structure which only comprises a single piece of rotor and has a wide range flux control capabilities. Under some design restrictions and specifications for the target EV drive applications, the performance of the proposed machine on the initial design and improved design are analyzed based on 2-D finite element analysis (FEA). The performance of the improved design motor shows that the maximum torque achieved is 81.5% of the target performance, whereas the maximum power has achieved 143.6 kW which is greater than the target value. Thus, by further design refinement and optimization it is expected that the motor will successfully achieve the target performances.

FEA-Based Design Study of 12-Slot 14-Pole Outer-Rotor Dual Excitation Flux Switching Machine for Direct Drive Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper presents an investigation into feasibilities design of 12-Slot 14-Pole outer-rotor dual excitation flux switching machine (ORDEFSM) for direct drive electric vehicle (EV) applications. The stator of the proposed machine consists of iron core made of electromagnetic steels, armature coils, permanent magnet (PM) and field excitation coils (FECs). The FECs in this proposed machine is used as a secondary field mmf source to support the main flux source from PM. Therefore, the proposed machine has extra advantage of variable flux control capability as compared with the conventional flux switching machines (FSMs). The rotor is composed of only stack of iron and hence, it is robust and suitable for high speed operation. The design target for the maximum torque and power density, and the maximum speed are more than 333 Nm, 3.5 kW/kg, and 20,000 r/min, respectively. The results obtained from two-dimensional (2-D) FEA study show that the initial design of the proposed machine has achieved the maximum torque, power density and maximum speed of 244.76 Nm, 3.47 kW/kg, and 20,000 r/min, respectively. Thus, it is expected that the proposed machine potentially to achieve the target performances by implementing optimization process using deterministic optimization method.

Design and performance analysis of 12Slot-14Pole HEFSM with outer-rotor configuration

This paper presents the performance analysis of 12Slot-14Pole hybrid excitation flux switching machine (HEFSM) with outer-rotor configuration. Nowadays, research on flux switching machines (FSMs) become an attractive research topic due to several excessive advantages of robust rotor structure, high torque and power capability, and low manufacturing cost that suitable for heavy applications. The FSMs that constructed with two flux sources namely permanent magnet (PM) and flux excitation coil (FEC) which also known as hybrid excitation flux has additional advantage of flux controllable. Furthermore, the outer-rotor configuration of the machines can provides higher torque density and appropriate for in-wheel direct drive application. Based on 2-D finite element analysis (FEA), the design improvement has been made on the initial design machine shows that there is great enhancement on torque and power.

Vector Control of Induction Motor Using Neural Network

This paper deals with field oriented control of induction motor drive system with an online neural network for speed control. The field oriented control used to decoupling the flux and torque in order to get the performance as well as direct current motor. The online neural network is designed to maintain the output speed variation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation model was developed. The result shows that the performance of transient response is improved in term of overshoot and settling time by using neural network field oriented control system. It is concluded that neural network based field oriented control schemes of induction motor drive is more effective to replace the conventional proportional integral derivative based field oriented control technique.

Impact of EMI filter installed in AC UPS system to earth leakage current

In todays advanced communication, electronic and electrical technology, the used of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) filter has almost become mandatory. Therefore it requires careful and high attention on the impact of this EMI filter installation. This paper discussed and explained the application of Earthing Current Signature Analysis (ECSA) as new developing technique in determining the earth leakage current contributed by the EMI filter installed in the Alternating Current (AC) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system in Oil and Gas industry.

Electromagnetic flux analysis on a new outer-rotor hybrid excitation flux switching machine

This paper presents an analysis of electromagnetic flux capability on a new 12Slot-14Pole outer-rotor hybrid excitation flux switching machine (ORHEFSM). In this proposed machine, all the magnetic flux sources are placed on the stator resulting for robust machine and suitable for high speed application. Moreover, coil test analysis, permanent magnet (PM) and DC field excitation coil (FEC) flux characteristic, flux interaction between DC FEC and armature coil, flux distribution, and torque characteristics are also investigated. The results show that the torque performance of the proposed machine is proportional to the change of flux linkage. Therefore, a flux control capability of the machine gives additional advantage for variable speed condition application.

Induction Motor Drive Based Neural Network Direct Torque Control

A neural network based direct torque control of an induction motor was presented in this paper. The paper trained a neural network for speed controller of the machine to use in the feed-back loop of the control system. The description of the control system, training procedure of the neural network is given in this paper. The complete neural network based direct torque control scheme of induction motor drive is simulated using MATLAB. The acquired results compared with the conventional direct torque control reveal the effectiveness of the neural network based direct torque control schemes of induction motor drives. The proposed scheme improved the performance of transient response by reduces the overshoot. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results.

Earthing Current Signature Analysis in resolving Motor Protection Relay communication fault

In todays advanced communication, electronic and electrical technology, the used of Motor Protection Relay (MPR) has become preferred. MPR will help maintenance engineers in controlling, protection and monitoring of the electric motors. Therefore, the history event recorded by the MPR enables the implementation of the predictive maintenance. In addition to this advance technology, there appeared a new challenge especially in communication matters. This paper discussed and explained the application of Earthing Current Signature Analysis (ECSA) as a new developed technique in detecting the presence of radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) and consequently resolving the mysterious of repetitive communication fault issue experiencing by MPR.

Analysis of a New Dual Excitation Flux Switching Machine with Outer-Rotor Configuration for Direct Drive EV

This paper presents the design improvement and analysis of dual excitation flux switching machine (DEFSM) with outer-rotor configuration for direct drive electric vehicle (EV). Deterministic design improvement approach based on two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is applied to obtain optimal torque density and power density of the proposed machine to meet the requirement of direct drive propulsion of EV. The performance comparison of the original design machine with the improved design machine is also addressed. The improved design machine has achieved 10.19 Nm/kg and 4.74 kW/kg of maximum torque density and maximum power density, respectively..

Multi-Input Boost Converter for Hybrid PV and Wind Generator Systems

A renewable energy source that works alone can’t achieve customers’ requirements for a stable power supply. Therefore, the paper proposes a multi-input converter for hybrid renewable energy system. This converter is designed for two input sources, PV and wind generator in order to design high efficiency and high performance converters for renewable energy applications. The proposed multi-input converter is composed by interleaved technique with two step-up converters and the two inputs are accommodated with some extra semiconductors, inductances and diodes. The modes of operation based on the status of the four switches, where S1 and S2 operate as main switches in order to deliver energy from both voltage sources. A constant output power to the load is provided by switching S3 switch, which guarantied the appropriate output voltage by reduce the ripple and improve the reliability. Simulations of multi-input converter has been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed method, which can be seen as a promising new topology that ensure multi-input converter suitable for renewable energy applications.