Zakira Naureen

SUPPRESSION OF INCIDENCE OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI IN RICE BY SIDEROPHORE PRODUCING RHIZOBACTERIAL STRAINS BASED ON COMPETITION FOR IRON

Cancer in general in Albania is an increasing problem and cervical cancer is the third most common gynecologic cancer among all women. Refer to European Code Against cancer an important action for women to help to prevent cervical cancer is to take part in organised cancer screening programmes. The study aims to identify in women health beliefs about cervical cancer. This is a transversal and analytical study with a sample of 210 healthy women from Vlora city with different socio-economic and educational levels. A selfadministered questionnaire that assesses the health beliefs components about cervical cancer was the data collection instrument. The results highlighted low risk perception relative to cervical cancer. Most of women believe that cervical cancer as dangerous as all the other cancers and uncertainties about the chances to recover from it exist among them. Misunderstandings and high sensitivity relate to cervical screening. Relationship between perceived benefits, emotional, economic barriers and Pap test uptake was found. Large numbers of women never screened. The results indicated that to improve the womens attitudes to health, to encourage adherence to cervical screening and to avoid misconceptions due to lack of information conversations with health operators and the designing of effective prevention strategies based on health beliefs are fundamental.

Detection and Quantification of Formalin Adulteration in Cow Milk Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis

In order to increase the shelf life for long distance transportation of milk, formalin is added as an adulterant to milk. That is highly toxic causes liver and kidney damages. A new Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate analysis was developed to detect as well as to quantify the level of formalin adulteration in cow milk. In this study four different types of cow milk samples were collected from Nizwa regions of Sultanate of Oman and were investigated. Those cow milk samples were then adulterated with formalin at eight different percentage levels: 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13% and 17% of formalin. All samples were measured using NIR spectroscopy in absorption mode in the wavelength range from 700-2500 nm, at 2 cm-1 resolution and using a 0.2 mm path length CaF2 sealed cell. The multivariate methods like Principle component analysis (PCA), partial least discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial least regression analysis (PLS) were applied for statistical analysis of the obtained NIR spectral data. PLS-DA model was used to check the discrimination between the pure and formalin adulterated milk samples. For PLSDA model the R-square value obtained was 0.969 with 0.086 RMSE (Root mean square error). Furthermore, PLS regression model was also built to quantify the levels formalin adulterant in cow milk samples. The PLS regression model was obtained with the R-square 93% and with 1.38 RMSECV(Root mean square error of cross validation) value having good prediction with RMSEP (Root mean square error of prediction) value 1.50 and correlation of 0.95. This newly developed method is non-destructive, cheap, no need of much sample preparation and having sensitivity level less than 2% level of formalin adulteration.