Zarife Mısırlıoğlu

The Pyrolysis of Scrap Tire with Lignite

Abstract Mustafa Kemal Pasa lignite obtained from the Mustafa Kemal Pasa region of Bursa, Turkey was subjected to pyrolysis with scrap tires. Effects of the pyrolysis conditions, such as temperature, weight percent of the scrap tires in the blends, and synergism on the results, was investigated. Tars obtained at the end of pyrolysis were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. It is found that synergism between the coal and tire leads to improved tar yields at all temperatures.

Temperature Programmed Pyrolysis and Supercritical Extraction of Turkish Lignites

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine product evolution rate and volatile product distribution with the capillary gas chromatographic detection during temperature programmed pyrolysis of some Turkish lignites. The pyrolysis examinations conducted under non-isothermal conditions at a low heating rate of 2 K/min up to 550°C can show that the typical volatile product evolution begins at about 350°C and reaches its maximum value at approximately 440°C. n-Paraffins and 1-olefins in aliphatic fraction of pyrolysis products were classified as a carbon number. n-Paraffins up to about C30 were observed among the products and these were accompanied by smaller but significant amounts of 1-olefins. Supercritical toluene extraction was also performed on the lignite samples and the conversion degree and the extract yield results were compared with the results of pyrolysis.

Influence of Experimental Conditions on Product Distribution During Pyrolysis of Tuncbilek Lignite (Turkey) at Low Heating Rates

Tuncbilek lignite is subjected to pyrolysis under nitrogen stream of 3.5 L/min. at 0.5, 5, 10 MPa and in the temperature range between 220°C and 950°C. The effect of temperature and nitrogen pressure on the formation rates of evolved products during pyrolysis (tar, total gas and gaseous species [H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, CO, CO2, and H2O]) and the yields of tar and gaseous products are also determined. It is found that thermal degradation, radical formation, and decomposition processes play an important role on pyrolysis of Tuncbilek lignite.

Behavior of Chars from Bursa Mustafa Kemal Paşa Alpagut and Balıkesir Dursunbey Çakirca Lignite (Turkey) during Non-catalytic and Catalytic Gasification

Abstract The reactivities of chars obtained by pyrolysis of Bursa Mustafa Kemal Paşa Alpagut lignite and Balıkesir Dursunbey Çakırca lignite (Turkey) at different temperatures were determined by CO2 gasification and by combustion with O2. Catalytic effect of Na2CO3 on the CO2 and O2 gasification reactivity of chars was investigated. Gasification tests were performed in the fixed bed reactors operating at ambient pressure. Reactivity of chars during the CO2 gasification reactions was determined by calculating the reaction rate constants and reactivity of chars during the O2 gasification was determined by using ignition temperatures of the samples. Activation energies and Arrhenius constants of the chars on the CO2 gasification reactions were also calculated by the help of Arrhenius curves. The activation energy for CO2 gasification was generally decreased with pyrolysis temperature, due to the different surface characteristics and different nature of carbon atoms gasified as the gasification reactions proceed. Generally, the increase in pyrolysis temperature leads to an increase in gasification reactivity with CO2. The reactivity of chars in catalytic gasification was higher than the corresponding non-catalytic reactivity of the same chars. Ignition temperature increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature.

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media by Using Cokes Obtained from Lignite Pyrolysis

Effect of the initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent quantity, and temperature on the adsorption of the cokes was investigated for methylene blue adsorption of the cokes obtained from pyrolysis of Mustafa Kemal Pasa lignite. The maximum amount of dye adsorbed was 270 mg/g. Equilibrium of the adsorption was examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models described the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption kinetics fit well to the Hos pseudo-second-order model. The cokes are highly favorable adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous media.

Effect of Pre-Swelling on Extractability and Solvent Swelling of Ermenek Lignite (Turkey)

Swelling of Ermenek lignite (Turkey) by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine, tetrahydrofuran (THF), aceton, ethylenediamine (ETDA), 1–2 dimetoxiethan, dioxane, toluene was carried out. Influence of pre-swelling, acid washing (1 N HCl) and supercritical extraction conditions (temperature) on extraction yields was also investigated. It was concluded that DMSO and DMF are the most suitable solvents for swelling of Ermenek lignite and Ermenek lignite can directly liquefy without swelling and any prewashing treatment.

Effect of various experimental parameters on the swelling and supercritical extraction properties of lignite

Abstract The original lignite sample, the samples swollen in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, ethylenediamine (EDA), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), the samples impregnated by ZnCl2 as catalyst and the samples both swollen in the solvents and impregnated by ZnCl2 were subjected to the supercritical toluene extraction and the effects of temperature, pressure, pre-swelling procedure, hydrogen donor solvent (tetralin), and catalyst on the extract yields were investigated.