Zdravko Ikica

Evidence of subtle genetic structure in the sympatric species Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea

Using thirteen microsatellite loci for Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus collected in the Mediterranean Sea, the biogeographic boundaries, genetic distribution among and within basins and the impact of prolonged exploitation in both species were investigated as a basis for understanding their population dynamics and for improving Mullus spp. stock management. Different level of diversity indices among these co-occurring species were obtained, with M. barbatus showing higher allele richness and higher mean observed and expected heterozygosity than M. surmuletus. Reduced contemporary effective population size (Ne) and M-ratio values found in both species likely reflects recent demographic changes, due to a combination of high fishing pressures, habitat fragmentation and naturally occurring fluctuations in population size. Different patterns of genetic connectivity among populations sampled within the Mediterranean were observed for both species. Higher genetic structure was found for M. barbatus as opposed to a more homogenous pattern observed in M. surmuletus samples. Adriatic populations, previously considered panmictic and isolated from other Mediterranean regions, showed geographical partitioning within the basin but also population connectivity with the northern Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas. Our results highlight the need for temporal sampling in understanding the complex pattern of population connectivity in the Mediterranean, particularly for management purposes.

Mariculture in the Boka Kotorska Bay: Tradition, Current State and Perspective

This paper presents data on initial scientific research activities conducted in order to explore the possibilities for bivalve farming in the conditions of the Boka Kotorska Bay; the data on experimental project related to technology transfer and protection of farming sites against predators, as well as the methods for defining the mariculture sites and principles that sustainable bivalve and fish farming should be based on. Mariculture development in Montenegro began after the completion of initial explorations on the possibilities of farming edible bivalves on the area of the Boka Kotorska Bay, which were conducted in the 1960s. After this period, the first commercial farming of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) began, while the first commercial farming of oysters (Ostrea edulis) began in 2009 in the Bay of Kotor. Today, there are around 20 active shell farms as well as two fish farms using the multitrophic aquaculture system. Bivalve farming is done using the traditional method of floating parks system (long-lines), while fish farming is done in floating cages.

Cetaceans in the Boka Kotorska Bay

The Boka Kotorska Bay, as a unique geographical area, with specific ecological conditions, was always inhabited by cetaceans. There is very little recorded data on their presence in the bay. This article presents an overview of cetacean species inhabiting the southern Adriatic Sea, with a particular focus on bottlenose dolphin and fin whale, species whose presence has been documented in the Boka Kotorska Bay. A detailed review on the presence of one of the most famous dolphins in the bay, the dolphin Joca, who was a favourite with swimmers and bathers and was awarded a special protection status by the local government of the city of Kotor has been carried out. A history of unfortunate events – accidental and intentional dolphin deaths in the last 20 years – is provided, as recorded by the society for protection of animals ‘Fifi’ from Kotor. This society of volunteers was involved in the protection of the Boka Kotorska Bay environment since its founding in 1997, and the protection of marine mammals was among its activities. An overview of the first survey of marine mammal populations in the Boka Kotorska Bay area within the frame of the EU IPA NETCET project is also provided. The results of the survey represent the first scientifically collected data on cetaceans in the area. Preservation of these species in the area of the bay requires constant involvement, education of the local population and children on the importance of preservation of cetaceans and careful development of all forms of tourism, including the nautical tourism, which is one of the gravest threats to marine mammals in the Boka Kotorska Bay area.

Occurrence and Distribution of Crustacean Decapoda in Boka Kotorska Bay

An annotated species of crustacean Decapoda list is provided for the area of Boka Kotorska Bay, based on the available literature. Review of the relevant literature showed that the number of the species known in this area is 62. Two of these species are recognized as Atlanto-tropical immigrants. All species were collected using trawl, dredge, grab bottom sampler, gillnets, as well as scuba-diving techniques. Description of each species gives the valid scientific name and vernacular, common names, literature, distribution and findings in Boka Kotorska Bay, Adriatic distribution, and some remarks as well as their potential commercial interest for fishery. Most of these species have a wide distribution range, including the whole Mediterranean Sea.