Zehra Eren

JC virus-associated nephropathy in a renal transplant recipient and comparative analysis of previous cases.

G. Kantarci, Z. Eren, A. Demirağ, I. Dogan, F. Çakalagaoglu, G. Yilmaz.
JC virus‐associated nephropathy in a renal transplant recipient and comparative analysis of previous cases.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 89–92. All rights reserved

Risk factors for acute kidney injury after hip fracture surgery in the elderly individuals.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate possible risk factors assocıated wıth acute kidney injury (AKI) after hip fracture surgery in the elderly individuals. Design: Level II diagnostic study, evidence obtained from prospective cohort study from 1 center with level 2, and 3 patients. Patients: A total of 165 patients (>65 years) with femoral neck fracture were enrolled in this prospective study between 2007 and 2010. Two patients were dropped for inadequate laboratory follow-up data. Patients with kidney failure or renal replacement therapy (RRT) history or AKI at admission were excluded. Intervention: Nephrology consultation was obtained from all patients at admission. All patients had undergone bipolar cemented hip arthroplasty that was performed by the same surgical team in all patients within 24 hours of fracture and admission under the same protocol. Main Outcome Measurements: Serum creatinine (SCr), urine output, and complete blood counts were evaluated at baseline and daily basis thereafter. The AKI was defined based on Acute Kidney Injury Network classification. Hospital charges were converted from Turkish Liras to US dollars and rounded. Results: Among 163 patients, AKI occurred in 25 (15.3%) patients, all within the first 48 postoperative hours. Three (1.8%) patients required RRT. Baseline SCr levels were restored within 4.84 ± 1.34 days on average (3-8 days). No patient required RRT after discharge. The mean hospital stay was 3 days (2-6 days) longer and the hospital charge was 2500 US

A Single-Centre Study of Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: Incidence, Risk Factors and Consequences

higher for the patients with AKI. After multivariable adjustment, only lower estimated glomerular filtration rate levels (odds ratio 0.945, 95%confidence interval 0.92-0.96) emerged as an independent predictor for AKI. Conclusion: The AKI represents a frequent complication after hip fracture surgery associated with longer hospital stay and higher treatment costs with increased morbidity. Our results show baseline renal function is an independent predictor of AKI.

Effects of Paricalcitol and Aliskiren Combination Therapy on Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy Model in Rats

Objective: Cardiac and kidney diseases are common, and the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on patient outcome is well known. We aimed to investigate the incidence of acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and the risk factors and outcomes associated with the disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comprising 289 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), examining the incidence of AKI defined according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification, the factors contributing to AKI, and the impact of AKI on in-hospital mortality and hospital re-admission. Results: Of 71 patients with AKI, 36 (50.7%) had ACS and 35 (49%) had ADHF. Overall in-hospital mortality was 5.5% (n = 16). Multivariate logistic regression identified the following independent predictors of AKI in male patients with ACS: previous myocardial infarction at age >65 years (OR 5.967, 95% CI 1.16–30.47, p = 0.03), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.31–16.61, p = 0.01), and decreased hemoglobin levels (OR 0.684, 95% CI 0.53–0.88, p = 0.03). No variable was identified as an independent risk factor in ADHF patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients with ACS plus AKI had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (log rank = 0.007). Conclusion: Acute CRS (type 1 CRS) is more frequent in patients with ADHF and can be considered multifactorial. Although CRS is less frequent in ACS patients, it is associated with longer hospital stay and with higher in-hospital mortality. The heart-kidney interaction should be managed collaboratively between cardiologists and nephrologists to increase our knowledge and enhance clinical approaches.

Pleiotropic and Renoprotective Effects of Erythropoietin Beta on Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy Model

Background/Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combination of aliskiren with paricalcitol on experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN) model in rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each, namely the control (Group C), diabetes (Group D), aliskiren (Group A), paricalcitol (Group P), and aliskiren plus paricalcitol (Group A+P) groups. Aliskiren was given by oral-gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day once daily for 12 weeks. Paricalcitol was given by intraperitoneally at a dose of 0,4 µg/kg/three day of week for 12 weeks. Renal function parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system parameters and kidney histology were determined. Results: Group A+P had lower mean albümin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (p=0.004) as well as higher creatinine clearance (CCr) (p<0.005) than the diabetic rats (Group D). Combination therapy significantly increased CCr (Group A+P vs Group A, p<0.005; Group A+P vs Group P, p=0.022) and reduced ACR (Group A+P vs Group A, p=0.018; Group A+P vs Group P, p<0.005) when compared to monotherapy. Serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower (p=0.004); glutathion levels (p=0.003), glutathion peroxidase (p=0.004) and superoxide dismutase (p<0.005) activities were significantly higher in group A+P than in group D. The mean scores of mRNA expression of renin (p<0.005), angiotensin II (p=0.012) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (p=0.018) in group A+P were significantly lower. Although combination therapy showed no additional effect on oxidative system, renin-angiotensin system and renal histology, aliskiren plus paricalcitol significantly decreased interstitial fibrosis volume when compared to monotherapy (Group A+P vs Group A, p<0.005; Group A+P vs Group P, p=0.002). Conclusion: Our data seem to suggest a potential role of aliskiren plus paricalcitol acting synergystically for reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy in an experimental rat model.

Prevalence, associated factors and impact on mortality of chronic kidney disease in nursing home residents: A single-center experience.

Background: This study aimed at investigating the possible protective effect of erythropoietin beta on experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN) model in rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32) were allocated into 4 equal groups of 8 each, the control (Group C), diabetes (Group D), erythropoietin beta (Group E), and erythropoietin beta treated DN (Group E + D) groups. Streptozocin (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in 10-week old rats. Erythropoietin beta was given intraperitoneally at a dose of 500 IU/kg/3 days of a week for 12 weeks. Renal function parameters, intrarenal levels and activities of oxidative stress biomarkers, serum inflammatory parameters and kidney histology were determined. Results: Group E + D had lower mean albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p < 0.001) as well as higher creatinine clearance (p = 0.035) than the diabetic rats (Group D). Intrarenal malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower (p = 0.004); glutathione (GSH) levels (p = 0.003), GSH peroxidase (p = 0.004) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.005) activities of renal tissue were significantly higher in Group E + D than in Group D. The mean serum levels of interleukin-4 (p < 0.005), interleukin 1 beta (p = 0.012), interferon gamma (p = 0.018) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.005) were significantly lower; serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (p = 0.018) was significantly higher in Group E + D when compared to Group D. The mean scores of tubulointerstitial inflammation (p = 0.004), tubular injury (p = 0.013) and interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.003) were also lower in Group E + D when compared to Group D. Conclusion: Our data seem to suggest a potential role of erythropoietin beta for reducing the progression of DN in an experimental rat model. This protective effect is, in part, attributable to the suppression of the inflammatory response and oxidative damage.

Lowering dialysate sodium improves systemic oxidative stress in maintenance hemodialysis patients

We carried out the present study to determine the prevalence, associated comorbidities and impact on mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in nursing home residents.