Zehra Yildiz

Desulfurization of Fuel by Leaching Using H2O2 and H2SO4

Abstract In this research, different concentrations of H2O2 and H2SO4 solutions were used in order to remove the sulfur from high sulfur contented No. 6 fuel oil. In desulphurization experiments, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the concentration of H2O2 and H2SO4 were varied in a range of 20–50○C, 30–150 min, 5–35%, and 0.05–2.00 N, respectively. The ratio of reagent/fuel oil was taken as 10/1 and the stirring speed as 1,000 rpm. According to the results obtained, considering the desulphurization and the organic structure of the fuel, the most appropriate method was found as the H2O2 leaching method. It was barely determined that the highest desulphurization was achieved by H2O2/0.1N H2SO4 leaching method. The optimum process parameters for H2O2 leaching method were found as a concentration of 15%, reaction temperature of 30○C, and reaction time of 60 min; and for H2SO4 leaching method were found as concentration of 0.1 N, reaction temperature of 30○C, and reaction time of 150 min. It was observed that by increasing the reaction temperature, reaction time, and reagent concentration, the carbon and hydrogen contents of the fuel decreased considerably and on the contrary the oxygen content increased very rapidly. A partial decrease of nitrogen content was also observed.

Determination of Optimum Process Parameters in Desulphurization of Fuel Oil

Abstract In this research, desulphurization of number 6 fuel oil (residue fuel oil) by chemical methods was studied. Besides, factors like reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration, and stirring speed were examined to determine the effects of various process parameters on desulphurization and on higher heating value. According to the results obtained, the optimum values of process parameters were determined as H2O2 concentration of 15%, reaction temperature of 40○C, reaction time of 60–150 min and stirring speed of 1, 000 rpm. Under these conditions, the sulphur content in the fuel oil sample was reduced from 2.78 to 2.29%–1.54% approximately. The degree of desulphurization increased, but higher heating value decreased seriously at high levels of H2O2 concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and stirring speed. Some fuel oil samples that are pretreated with H2O2/0.1 N H2SO4 were extracted successively with acetone, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the sulphur content decreased approximately from 2.29 to 1.08%. Partial decrease determined in the higher heating value of the sample at the end of extraction.

Effect of Some Process Parameters on the Separation of the Dispersed Ferrous Impurities Using Cycled Electromagnetic Filter

Electromagnetic filters (EMFs) can be effectively used for the cleaning of both industrial and domestic disposals such as waste water having low concentration and micron size of dispersed particles that show magnetic characteristics. In this work, we investigated the effect of some parameters of the filtration process, external magnetic field density, size of the filter matrix elements, filter length, filtration velocity, viscosity of the suspension, and number of the cycle on the separation efficiency of micron-sized particles that can be magnetized in an external magnetic field. It has been found that filtration efficiency decreased with increasing filtration velocity and suspension viscosity. Furthermore, the filter matrix elements geometry, pH value of the medium, and number of the cycling processes affected the cleaning efficiency. Recycling the suspension to the filter body allowed the cleaning process to be made in a smaller filter size with a high quality factor.

Optimization of Electromagnetic Filtration Variables Using a Nelder-Mead Simplex Method

In this study, we aimed at optimizing the parameters that govern the separation efficiency in the electromagnetic filtration (EMF) of magnetizable dispersed particles from a water medium. Thus, we employed a Nelder-Mead modified simplex algorithm to maximize EMF efficiency choosing the external magnetic field strength, size of the filter matrix elements, filter length, and filtration velocity as variables to be optimized. It has been found that EMF efficiency decreased with increasing the filtration velocity and the size of the filter matrix elements. On the other hand, EMF efficiency increased when the filter length and the external magnetic strength was increased. Four variables were successfully optimized and a maximum level of EMF efficiency percentage of 77.05 was achieved by performing only 26 experiments. The results are expected to be useful in the future to predict the operating conditions of similar EMF systems.

Desulphurization Kinetics of Number 6 Fuel Oil via a Chemical Method

Abstract In this research, desulphurization of number 6 fuel oil by the H2O2/H2SO4 method was studied. The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on desulphurization were examined. Also, kinetic approximation for desulphurization was carried out. It was determined that the maximum desulphurization was performed at conditions of reaction temperature of 40–50°C and reaction time of 150 min. The total sulfur content of the fuel oil sample was reduced from 2.78 to 0.68% at the reaction temperature of 50°C and reaction time of 150 min. As the degree of desulphurization increased, the higher heating value decreased at higher reaction temperatures and reaction times. As a result of kinetic approximation, it was found that the order of the reaction was approximately 0.96 and the rate constant, k = 5.84*106 exp(−65.08/RT), for desulphurization of fuel oil by chemical method.

An Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Pestil Blends

The rheological and sensory properties kind (apricot, grape and mulberry molasses) blends were studied pestil (rollband) syrup of apricot, mulberry and grape at 25, 40, 50 and 70°C, rheological properties kind of pestil syrup (untreatment and treatment with sulphurapricot molasses) blends were studied using sugar concentrations of 0%, 5% and 10%. The empirical power law model fitted the apparent viscosityrotational speed data. All blends exhibited pseudoplasticbehavior. The syrup content and temperature influenced the flow behavior and consistency index values. Temperature sensitivity of the consistency index was assessed by applying an Arrhenius-type equation. Ea values ranged from 326,65 to 175,86 J mol s-1 as syrup content varied from apricot, grape to mulberry, respectively. Arrhenius constant, k, however, correlated with mouthcoating.

Cleaning of Domestic and Industrial Waste Water from Ferrous Particles Using Magnetic Filter

In this paper, separation of dispersed magnetic particles from waste water using magnetic filtration technology was investigated. For this purpose, the mixture of water and corrosion particles is processed with detergent, acidic and basic materials, and then passed through an magnetic filter. Effects of viscosity, detergent concentration and pH value of the waste water on the separation efficiencies of the magnetic filter used were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the filter separation decreases as the viscosity and detergent concentration of the waste water increase. Furthermore, it was recorded that the pH value of the waste water changes the efficiency of magnetic filter. The separation efficiency was found to be rather low in the absence of the magnetic field compared to those obtained in the presence of the magnetic field.

Performance Prediction of the Magnetic Packed Bed Using Response Surface Methodology

The present study aims to response surface methodology (RSM) for predicting magnetizing properties of the matrixs elements of the magnetic filter that are constructed from the bi-mixture of the magnetic balls of various sizes, employed in the cleaning of the disperse mixture of water, and corrosion particles (rust) of low concentrations. Based on a three-level central composite design (CCRD) involving the variables H external magnetic field strength (139.55-314.45 kA/m) x 1 , L filter length (0.01-0.10) x 2 and ϵ porosity fraction factor (0.44-0.54) x 3 , a RSM for B-H relation of the matrix of the magnetic filter. In this study, a CCRD was created with 20 runs, 8 cube points, 4 center points per cube, 6 axial points, 2 center points per axial, and α = 1.68. Data obtained from RSM on B-H relation of the matrix of the magnetic filter were subjected to the analysis of variance and analyzed using a second-order polynomial equation, which resulted in the optimized process conditions of 407 kA/m as external magnetic field strength, filter length of 0.02 m and the porosity fraction factor of 0.67. Maximum magnetic intensity (B = 0.85 Tesla [T]) was obtained at the optimized conditions in the matrix of the magnetic filter.

Effect of the Magnetization Properties of the Granular Beds and the Operating Parameters on the Removal Ferrous Particles From the Waters by Using Magnetic Filter

In this article, magnetizing properties of different packed beds constructed from magnetic balls, pieces of rods, and chips were investigated in order to determine their effect on the magnetic filters’ performance. Magnetizing curves obtained from the results show that the magnetization of packed beds constructed from magnetic balls is stronger than of those constructed from pieces of rods and/or chips. Effects of the external magnetic field intensity, filter length, and recycle number on the effectiveness of magnetic filtration of both solutions were also investigated. We found that corrosion particle capturing capacity of the filter from water medium in the filter increases by amplifying external magnetic field intensity, raising filter length, and recycle number until the filter is overloaded.

Effect of Surfactants on the Particle Capture Mechanism in an Electromagnetic Filter

In this article, effects of the parameters of the filtration process and surfactants on the effectiveness of the separation of particles have been investigated. Water samples containing corrosion particles (rust) of low concentrations were mixed with a typical domestic type of detergent passed through an electromagnetic filter. It was found that the capturing capacity of the particles in the filter increased as the external magnetic field, filter length and the detergent concentration of the suspension increase, but the increase in diameter of the filter elements gave an opposite effect. Furthermore, it was recorded that the pH value of the suspension changes the efficiency of magnetic filter.