Zeliha Müge Baka

Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of dentoskeletal changes after asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion

INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to quantitatively evaluate the changes in arch widths and buccolingual inclinations of the posterior teeth after asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion (ARME) and to compare the measurements between the crossbite and the noncrossbite sides with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS From our clinic archives, we selected the CBCT records of 30 patients with unilateral skeletal crossbite (13 boys, 14.2 ± 1.3 years old; 17 girls, 13.8 ± 1.3 years old) who underwent ARME treatment. A modified acrylic bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance including an occlusal locking mechanism was used in all patients. CBCT records had been taken before ARME treatment and after a 3-month retention period. Fourteen angular and 80 linear measurements were taken for the maxilla and the mandible. Frontally clipped CBCT images were used for the evaluation. Paired sample and independent sample t tests were used for statistical comparisons. RESULTS Comparisons of the before-treatment and after-retention measurements showed that the arch widths and buccolingual inclinations of the posterior teeth increased significantly on the crossbite side of the maxilla and on the noncrossbite side of the mandible (P <0.05). Comparison of the 2 sides showed statistically significant differences in both the maxilla and the mandible (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS After ARME treatment, the crossbite side of the maxilla and the noncrossbite side of the mandible were more affected than were the opposite sides.

Can demineralized enamel surfaces be bonded safely

Abstract Objective. To evaluate and compare the effects of enamel demineralization, microabrasion therapy and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces and enamel color. Materials and methods. Eighty freshly extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were allocated to one of the four groups. Brackets were bonded directly to non-demineralized enamel surfaces in Group I (control group), directly to the demineralized enamel surfaces in Group II, to demineralized enamel surfaces after CPP-ACP application in Group III and to demineralized enamel surfaces after microabrasion therapy in Group IV. The samples were stored in water for 24 h at 37°C and then underwent thermocycling. The SBS in megapascals (MPa) was determined by a shear test with 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed and failure types were classified with modified adhesive remnant index scores. The data were analyzed with one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), Tukey and chi-square tests at the α = 0.05 level. Results. Significant differences were found among the four groups (F = 21.57, p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between Group I and III (17.12 ± 2.84 and 15.08 ± 3.42 MPa, respectively) or between Group III and IV (12.82 ± 2.64 MPa). The lowest SBS value was determined in Group II (5.88 ± 2.12 MPa). Enamel demineralization, microabrasion therapy and CPP-ACP application affected enamel color significantly. Conclusion. CPP-ACP application and microabrasion therapy are able to increase the decreased SBS of orthodontic brackets because of enamel demineralization.

Effects of probiotics on salivary Streptecoccus mutans and Lactobacillus levels in orthodontic patients

Introduction In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of regular probiotic consumption on microbial colonization in saliva in orthodontic patients and to comparatively evaluate the difference between the systemic consumption of probiotic products and the local application. Methods This study included 3 groups with 15 orthodontic patients in each. The control group included patients who had no probiotic treatment, the subjects in the kefir group consumed 2 × 100 ml of kefir (Atatürk Orman Ciftligi, Ankara, Turkey) per day, and the subjects in the toothpaste group brushed their teeth with toothpaste with probiotic content (GD toothpaste; Dental Asia Manufacturing, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia) twice a day. Samples were collected at 3 times: beginning of the study, 3 weeks later, and 6 weeks later. The salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels in the saliva were evaluated. Chair‐side kits were used to determine the S mutans and Lactobacillus levels. Results A statistically significant decrease was observed in the salivary S mutans and Lactobacillus levels in the kefir and toothpaste groups compared with the control group (P <0.05). A statistically significant increase was observed in the toothpaste group compared with the control and kefir groups in buffer capacity. Changes in the salivary flow rate were not statistically significant. Conclusions The regular use of probiotics during fixed orthodontic treatment reduces the S mutans and Lactobacillus levels in the saliva. HighlightsWe examined the effects of probiotics on salivary S mutans and Lactobacillus levels.We compared systemic consumption and local application of probiotics.The local application of probiotics increased the salivary buffering capacity.Systemic consumption did not affect salivary buffering capacity.Using probiotics in orthodontics reduced salivary S mutans and Lactobacillus levels.

Evaluation of antibacterial effects of contemporary orthodontic bonding materials

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of five orthodontic bonding materials commonly used in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial effects of five orthodontic bonding materials were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius by direct contact test (DCT). Using the DCT technique, quintet specimens of Transbond XT, Blugloo, Grengloo, Light Bond, and Opal Bond were applied to the bottom and the walls of the five wells of a 96-microtiter plate with a height of 2 mm. Samples were prepared in two sets: 1-day samples and 7-day samples. Ten microliters of bacterial suspension were added to each well for direct contact with each material for 1h at 37 °C. Bacterial growth was then measured in a microplate spectrophotometer hourly at 600 nm for 24 h. Five uncoated wells with identical inoculum sizes served as positive controls. The data obtained at the end of 24 h was statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, and post hoc comparisons were done using Tamhane’s T2 test. Results: Blugloo generally showed better antibacterial activity than the other materials. Transbond XT did not show any antibacterial activity. There was a statistically significant difference between Transbond XT and Light Bond in the 1-day sample against S. mutans (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among the other groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Blugloo had the most potent antibacterial activity against S. salivarious.

Effects of remineralization procedures on shear bond strengths of brackets bonded to demineralized enamel surfaces with self-etch systems.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of different remineralization procedures on the surface roughness of teeth, shear bond strengths (SBSs), and Adhesive Remnant Index scores of self-etching primer (SEP) used to bond orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 140 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Group I was the control group. A demineralization procedure was performed in the other six groups. A remineralization procedure was performed before bonding by using casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride, a microabrasion mixture (18% hydrochloric acid-fine pumice), a microabrasion agent, and resin infiltration in groups III to VII. Brackets were bonded using a self-etching primer/adhesive system. The specimens were tested for SBS. The roughness and morphology of the enamel surfaces were analyzed using profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Tukey, and G-tests at the α  =  .05 level. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the SBS values among the seven groups (F  =  32.69, P  =  .003). The lowest SBS value was found in group II (2.62 ± 1.46 MPa). No significant differences were found between groups I, III, and VII, between groups III and IV, or between groups V and VI. The differences in the roughness values were statistically significant among the groups (P  =  .002). CONCLUSIONS Remineralization procedures restore the decreased SBS of orthodontic brackets and decrease surface roughness caused by enamel demineralization. SEPs provide clinically acceptable SBS values for bonding orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces.

Effects of different pre-treatment methods on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to demineralized enamel

Abstract Objective. To compare the effects of different treatment methods used for the enamel damage, on the shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture mode of orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods. Freshly-extracted 140 premolars were randomly allocated to seven groups: Group I was considered as the control of other groups. The remaining groups were exposed to demineralization. In group II, brackets were directly bonded to the demineralized enamel surface. CPP-ACP paste (GC Tooth Mousse), fluoride varnish (Bifluorid 12), microabrasion with a mixture prepared with 18% hydrochloric acid and fine pumice powder, microabrasion with an agent (Opalustre) and resin infiltrant (Icon®) were applied in Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII, respectively. The specimens were tested for SBS and bond failures were scored according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used to compare the SBS of the groups. ARI scores were compared with G-test. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 level. Results. Statistically significant differences were found among seven groups (F = 191.697; p < 0.001). The SBSs of groups I (mean = 18.8 ± 2.0 MPa) and VII (mean = 19.1 ± 1.4 MPa) were significantly higher than the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found between groups IV (mean = 11.5 ± 1.2 MPa) and V (mean = 12.6 ± 1.5 MPa). The differences in ARI scores of the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions. All demineralization treatment methods improve bonding to demineralized enamel. Resin infiltrant application after demineralization showed similar bond strength values as intact enamel.

Alveolar bone changes after asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion

OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate the effects of asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion (ARME) on cortical bone thickness and buccal alveolar bone height (BABH), and to determine the formation of dehiscence and fenestration in the alveolar bone surrounding the posterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The CBCT records of 23 patients with true unilateral posterior skeletal crossbite (10 boys, 14.06 ± 1.08 years old, and 13 girls, 13.64 ± 1.32 years old) who had undergone ARME were selected from our clinic archives. The bonded acrylic ARME appliance, including an occlusal stopper, was used on all patients. CBCT records had been taken before ARME (T1) and after the 3-month retention period (T2). Axial slices of the CBCT images at 3 vertical levels were used to evaluate the buccal and palatal aspects of the canines, first and second premolars, and first molars. Paired samples and independent sample t-tests were used for statistical comparison. RESULTS The results suggest that buccal cortical bone thickness of the affected side was significantly more affected by the expansion than was the unaffected side (P < .05). ARME significantly reduced the BABH of the canines (P < .01) and the first and second premolars (P < .05) on the affected side. ARME also increased the incidence of dehiscence and fenestration on the affected side. CONCLUSIONS ARME may quantitatively decrease buccal cortical bone thickness and height on the affected side.

3-Year Follow-Up of Nonextraction Crowded Cases Treated With the Damon System

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate treatment efficiency and 3-year follow-up stability of the Damon system by evaluating peer assessment rating (PAR) index, posteroanterior-lateral cephalometric changes, and the intercanine and intermolar widths. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five patients treated with a 0.022-inch slot Damon D3 MX bracket system were evaluated in this study. Cephalometric radiographs, dental models, and PAR scores were measured and evaluated pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and 3 years after treatment (T3). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)/paired t test were performed to evaluate the differences between the periods. Results: The mean PAR score of 34.75 at T1 was reduced to 3.35 and 3.05 at T2 and T3, respectively, succeeding in a 90.35% reduction with treatment. At T1–T2 and T1–T3, maxillary intercanine and intermolar width and mandibular intercanine width increased significantly. Although intercanine and intermolar widths decrea...

Can dentin surfaces be bonded safely with total-etch and self-etch systems?

Objective: To assess and compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel and dentin surfaces by using total-etching and 3 different self-etching adhesives. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 extracted mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups. In Group I, the hard tissue was etched with 37% phosphoric acid; in Group II, Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer (TSEP) system was used; in Group III, Clearfil Tri-S Bond Plus was used; and, in Group IV, AdheSE was used. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: The enamel surfaces were conditioned in subgroup-A, and the dentin surfaces were conditioned in subgroup-B. The samples were stored in water for 24 h at 37°C and then thermocycled. The SBS in megapascals (MPa) was determined by a shear test with 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed, and failure types were classified with modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. The data were analyzed with two-way analyses of variance, Tukey′s, and Chi-square tests at the 0.05 level. Results: The mean SBS value of subgroup-A in Group I was significantly higher than the mean values in the other groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the SBS values in the other groups (P>0.05). Significant differences were found in the ARI between subgroup-A in Group I and the other groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: When used on the enamel, the self-etch systems did not have bond strengths as high as that in the conventional method. However, the self-etch systems can be used as successfully as the conventional method on dentin surfaces.