Zer-Ran Yu

Solubilities of fatty acids, fatty acid esters, triglycerides, and fats and oils in supercritical carbon dioxide

Using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as the solvent, the solubility of methyl esters, ethyl esters, fatty acids, triglycerides, and fats and oils were studied over a range of temperature and pressures. Equilibrium data from the literature were correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. With the van der Waals (VDW) and Panagiotopoulos and Reid (PR) mixing rules. The data were also correlated using statistical methods and the solubilities predicted by various models were compared with experimental solubilities at the temperature and pressure conditions studied. The equation of state method provided good agreement of theory with experiment for the solubilities of fatty acids and their esters, but less so for the triglycerides, fats and oils. The statistical methods on the other hand, not only predicted the solubilities of fatty acids and fatty acid esters well, but also gave good agreement with the solubilities of triglycerides, fats and oils. Chain length, degree of unsaturation, and functional groups in compounds are known to affect the vapor pressures of these compounds which in turn influence their solubilities in SCCO2. As expected solubilities decreased in going from fatty acid esters, to fatty acids, to triglycerides.

Phase equilibria of oleic acid, methyl oleate, and anhydrous milk fat in supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract A static recirculation method was developed and used to measure phase equilibria of binary, ternary, and multicomponent systems in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ). Binary fluid-liquid equilibria of oleic acid + SCCO 2 were experimentally determined at 313.15 and 333.15 K and at pressures between 3 and 31 MPa. Fluid-liquid equilibria of the binary system methyl oleate + SCCO 2 were also measured at 313.15 and 333.15 K and at pressures between 2 and 14 MPa. Finally, the phase equilibria of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) in SC-CO 2 were determined at 313.15 and 333.15 K and at pressures between 2 and 31 MPa. The data were correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation-of-state with the Panagiotopoulos and Reid mixing rule.

Fluid-Liquid phase equilibria of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters in supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract Fluid-liquid equilibrium data of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters in supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures of 40 °C and 60 °C and pressures up to 300 bar were experimentally determined. The effect of temperature and pressure on solubility in four binary systems was studied. The Redlich-Kwong equation-of-state with a non-quadratic mixing rule was used for data correlation with successful results.

Fluid-liquid equilibria of supercritical carbon dioxide + methyl oleate + oleic acid

Experimental phase equilibria for the ternary system consisting of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) + methyl oleate + oleic acid were measured at 313.15 and 333.15 K and pressures up to 35 MPa. The equilibrium data were correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation-of-state with the Panagiotopoulos and Reid mixing rules. The solubilities and distribution coefficients of methyl oleate and oleic acid in SCCO2 were studied at different extraction conditions and mole fraction ratios of methyl oleate to oleic acid.

Fluid-liquid equilibria of ternary systems of fatty acids and fatty acid esters in supercritical CO2

Abstract Phase compositions for fluid-liquid equilibrium at supercritical conditions have been measured for the ternary systems of supercritical carbon dioxide/methyl oleate/methyl linoleate and supercritical carbon dioxide/oleic acid/linoleic acid at temperatures of 40 and 60 °C and pressures up to 300 bar. The Peng-Robinson equation-of-state with quadratic and non-quadratic mixing rules was used to model the experimental results. No ternary parameters were used. The predictions are in semiquantitative agreement with the experimental data for the carbon dioxide/methyl oleate/methyl linoleate system.

Fluid-liquid equilibria of anhydrous milk fat with supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract The composition distribution of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO 2 ) was studied at 313.15 and 333.15 K and at 10, 21, and 31 MPa. The compositions of triglycerides, total fatty acids, and cholesterol in the fluid and liquid phases were measured at different temperatures and pressures. The distribution coefficients of triglycerides and cholesterol were studied at different extraction conditions. The highest relative weight and the greatest quantity of low-melting triglycerides and short-chain fatty acids were obtained at 333.15 K and 10 MPa and at 313.15 K and 31 MPa, respectively. The optimum selectivity of SC-CO 2 for cholesterol over triglycerides was obtained between 8 and 12 MPa at 313.15 and 333.15 K.

Molecular Weight Affected Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Hypotensive Activities of Cold Water Extract from Pleurotus citrinopileatus

Cold water extract of P. citrinopileatus (CWEPC) was fractioned into 4 fractions, PC-I (<1 kDa), PC-II (1-3.5 kDa), PC-III (3.5-10 kDa), and PC-IV (>10 kDa), by ultrafiltration. The antioxidant activities, the inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase, and hypertension-linked angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), as well as the contents of polysaccharides, protein, and phenolic compounds of 4 fractions were determined. The results showed that lower MW fractions exerted a higher antioxidant activity, which was correlated to phenolic contents. The high molecular fraction (PC-IV) exhibited significantly higher inhibitory activity on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE compared to CWEPC and the other 3 lower MW fractions (<10 kDa), which was more related to protein contents. The inhibition capability of CWEPC and PC-IV on α-amylase activity was 1/13.4 to 1/2.7 relative to that of acarbose, respectively. Kinetic data revealed that PC-IV fraction followed a noncompetitive inhibition pattern on α-glucosidase activity. The study demonstrated that various MW fractions and types of components contribute to different biological functions of P. citrinopileatus and it is protein constituents but not peptides responsible for the hypoglycemic potential of CWEPC.

Supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation improves the antioxidative activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and therapeutic index of Panax ginseng

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