Zhang Fu-suo

Nutrient from Environment and Its Effect in Nutrient Resources Management of Ecosystems——A Case Study on Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

In this paper,a case study on atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition in the main regions of China is carried,and the definition,forms and amount of nutrient from environment(NFE) and the relationship between NFE and N discharge to atmosphere caused by human activities are summarized.Based the study results in this paper and the references,it is fund that N wet and dry deposition has become as an important nutrient resources in agricultural and natural ecosystems in China.The total annual amount of N deposition and other N forms from environment in China is up to 1.8×107 t,and equals to approximately 60% of the national N fertilizer consumption.Therefore,it is crucial to fully utilize the environmental nutrient resources by managing the nutrient resources in an integrative so as to achieve the sustainable development of both agricultural and natural ecosystems.It is suggested to develop a nationwide network for monitoring and quantitatively researching the N wet and dry deposition and carrying out the long-term experiment about the ecological response and feedback of some sensitive ecosystems to N deposition from atmosphere.

Mineral element distribution in organs of dual-toxin transgenic (Bt+CpTI) cotton seedling

Abstract Being a new cultivar, the physiology of transgenic cotton, especially dual-toxin transgenic (Bt+CpTI) cotton, is not yet completely understood. Twelve elements in three organs of dual-toxin transgenic cotton seedlings were analyzed by ICP-MS. The distributions of the 12 elements were substantially different from those of non-transgenic cotton. In particular, the contents of B, Mg, P, K and Ca were the highest in leaves, while those of Si, Fe, Rb and Cu were the highest in roots; other elements had similar contents in the two organs, which were higher than those in the stem. Compared with non-transgenic cotton, the 12 elements could be classified into four groups according to their contents and distributions in the three organs: (a) P, K and Cu: their contents in transgenic cotton were remarkably lower, especially contents of P and K in leaves that were one times lower than those in leaves of non-transgenic cotton; (b) B, Mg and Mo: their contents in leaves and roots of transgenic cotton were higher, but lower in stems, compared with non-transgenic cotton; (c) Si, Mn, Fe, Rb and Zn: compared with non-transgenic cotton, these were lower in leaves and stems, but higher in roots of transgenic cotton; and (d) Ca: compared with non-transgenic cotton, its content was higher in all three organs of the transgenic counterpart. The decrease in soluble proteins and the expression of Bt and CpTI genes could be responsible for these changes. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.

Composition and safety analysis of Chinese traditional fermented soybean paste made by transgenic soybean

The traditional Chinese soybean paste was produced by cooked transgenic soybean fermentation with the composition of moisture 53%, amino acid 0.84% (calculated by nitrogen), votive sugar 6.21% and total acid 1.66%. A number of microorganism species were isolated and identified, including fungi and bacteria, and the bacterium species Rhizopus oryzae Went and Prinsen Geerligs were dominant in transgenic soybean paste. The results showed that the transgenic soybean paste contain abundant amino acids and vitamins (vitamin A, 42.87 IU; vitamin B, 10.31 mg; vitamin B, 20.64 mg; nicotinamide, 2.54 mg; pantothenic acid, 0.63 mg; vitamin B, 6,847 µg; folic acid, 105 µg; vitamin B, 123.85 µg; and biotin, 56.34 µg). Pathogenic microorganisms were not be detected in the transgenic fermented soybean paste.

Cropping systems change the concentration of microelements in soils

Connections of microelements with human health, diseases and nutrition gain more and more recognition from various scientists in the domains of medicine, nutrition, etc. (He et al., 2004). The deficiency of elements such as Mn, Fe and Mo could result in some cancers (Wang et al., 1989), and it is well known that levels of Cr, Zn, Se and I are related to some diseases. Selenium, an essential element of the human body, has the function of enhancing immune ability, is anti-oxidant and antitumour, and many health foods depend on the levels of Se (Jing et al., 2003). Thus, it is important for human health to control the concentration of Se in food, especially the natural concentrations in food. Cr (III) can enhance resistance to diabetes, and I can be used for the prevention of thyroid gland disease. Crops, as a direct neighbour of the soil, can influence soil physical and chemical characters, plant growth, quality and quantity of stubble, and soil microbial biomass and its activity (Huang et al., 2003). There are many methods to detect microelements, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) (Yang et al., 2005) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Xu et al., 2001), etc. Because many elements can be detected at the same time, with higher precision (Yang et al., 2005), ICP-MS has greater application than other methods.