Zhang Manyin

Applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies in research, inventory and management of wetlands in China

This paper introduces the state of waterlands in China and discribes the applications of Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) in wetland research, including land-coverclassification and change detection, wetland evolutionary processes, landscape-change analyses, channel migration, flood and wetlands resource monitoring and spatial quantitative analyses/modeling, ecosystem service evaluation, ecological processes and risk assessments, disease control, water quality monitoring/modeling, pollution monitoring/modeling, wetlands hydrology, wetland information systems and WebGIS. The limitations and needs for optimal use of these technologies are discussed, such as the limited advanced technical knowledge and skills, low awareness and capacity, unclear link between GIS output and policy making, lack of supporting policies and standards, lack of a wetlands geo-information networklimite, and the use of these techniques in wetland research. It is suggested that for realising true applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies, the availability, accessibility, reliability, homogeneity, and continuity of wetlands-related geo-information, enabling environment, policies and standards, and funding are needed.

Influence of substrate depth and particle size on phosphorus removal in a surface flow constructed wetland

Substrate adsorption is one of the main processes by which redundant phosphorus is removed from wastewater in surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs). The physical properties of the substrate, such as depth and particle size, will influence the amount of phosphorus adsorption. This study was carried out in a long-running intermittent inflow constructed wetland that covered a total area of 940.4 m2 in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China. We investigated how the concentrations of four phosphorus fractions, namely calcium phosphate (CaP), iron phosphate (FeP), adsorbed phosphorus (AdsP), and organic phosphorus (OP), varied between the surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface (10-20 cm) substrate and among the different substrate particle sizes. The total phosphorus concentrations in the substrate ranged from 154.97 to 194.69 mg/kg; CaP accounted for more than 80% of the total phosphorus content. The concentrations of OP were significantly higher in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer, but the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus were not significantly different between the two layers. The CaP, AdsP, and OP adsorption capacities were greater for small-sized substrate particles than for large-sized substrate particles. The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of constructed wetlands.

A PSR-model-based regional health assessment of the Lake Wuliangsuhai

A Pressure-State-Response(PSR) model was developed to diagnose the sub-regional health of the Lake Wuliangsuhai in the Inner Mongolia.A total of 25 indicators including ecological character indicators,ecological function indicators and social environment indicators were combined to assess the ecosystem health of the lake.Expert Evaluation Method(EEM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) were used to identify the weight of each indicator.The Lake Wuliangsuhai was classified into three sub-regions(Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ) in consideration of their ecological and environmental characteristics.Results indicate that the lake is staying in a state of alarming or worse quality.The Comprehensive Health Indices(CHI) of three sub-regions are 0.3395,0.3866 and 0.4494,respectively,reflecting obvious regional differences in the lake ecosystem health.The current study may provide useful information for wetland restoration and management.

极端干旱对若尔盖高原泥炭地生态系统CO 2 通量的影响

采用野外控制试验和静态箱法，研究极端干旱事件对若尔盖高原泥炭地净生态系统二氧化碳交换（net ecosystem CO2 exchange, NEE）、生态系统呼吸（ecosystem respiration, Re）和总初级生产力（gross primary productivity, GPP）的影响及其响应机制。研究结果表明：极端干旱显著降低若尔盖高原泥炭地生态系统的NEE、Re和GPP（P 0.05）。

Different wetland plant roles of removing nitrogen and phosphorus on sewage water

Five kinds of wetland plants,including reed(Phragmites australis),oriental cattail(Typha orientalis),calamus(Zizania aquatica),wildrice stem(Acorus calamus),Iris(Iris tenuifolia),and one kind of shrub of willow(Salix viminalis) were selected to study the growth characteristics of plants and the role of removing nitrogen and phosphorus in severe eutrophic waters.The study showed that the six kinds of plants in experiments grew well and steadily.After 105 days,the total biomass ranged from 424 to 1772g/m2.Ratios of most plant biomass above/below ground(A/U) varied between 0.63 and 1.49,except for oriental cattail(A/U: 3.23).Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the biomass of above ground ranged from 13.12 to 28.83mg/g and from 1.55 to 3.77mg/g,respectively.Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the biomass below ground ranged from 7.76 to 15.60mg/g and from 1.70 to 2.71mg/g,respectively.The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus between above and below ground biomass differed significantly.The average plant accumulations of nitrogen and phosphorus were 20.60g/m2 and 3.08g/m2,which the above ground accounted for 66.60% and 58.22%,respectively.Purification effect of the plants on different pollutants was different.The best purification effects for TN in Iris and TP in reed were found.Plant accumulations of nitrogen and phosphorus displayed significantly positive linear correlation with plant biomass and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus.