Zheng-Da Hu

Tunable Fano resonance based on grating-coupled and graphene-based Otto configuration

A grating-coupled Otto configuration consisting of multilayer films including a few layers of graphene and a germanium prism is proposed. A sharp and sensitive Fano resonance appears when a graphene surface plasmon polaritons (GSPPs) mode from the graphene-dielectric interface couple with the planar waveguide (PWG) mode. We utilize the classical harmonic oscillator (CHO) to explain Fano resonance and study the influence of various parameters of the configuration on the reflection spectra. The highly sensitive sensor can be achieved by introducing detected materials into Otto structure. In addition, we investigated the effects from material loss arising in our designs. All of the simulations are performed by a finite element method (FEM).

Spiral spectrum of Airy beams propagation through moderate-to-strong turbulence of maritime atmosphere

The spatial coherence radius in moderate-to-strong maritime turbulence is derived on the basis of the modified Rytov approximation. Models are developed to simulate the spiral spectrum of Airy beams propagating through moderate-to-strong maritime turbulence. In the moderate-to-strong irradiance fluctuation region, we analyze the effects of maritime turbulence on the spread of the spiral spectrum of Airy beams in a horizontal propagation path. Results indicate that the increment in the inner-scale significantly increases the received power. By contrast, the outer-scale elicits a negligible effect on the received power if the ratio of the inner-scale to the outer-scale is less than 0.01. The outer-scale affects the received power only if the ratio is greater than 0.01. The performance of a light source is essential for the received power of Airy beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) through moderate-to-strong maritime turbulence. Airy beams with longer wavelengths, smaller OAM numbers, larger radii of the main ring, and smaller diameters of the circular aperture are less affected by maritime turbulence. Autofocusing of Airy beams is beneficial for the propagation of the spiral spectrum in a certain propagation distance. These results contribute to the design of optical communication systems with OAM encoding for moderate-to-strong maritime turbulence.

Spreading and wandering of Gaussian–Schell model laser beams in an anisotropic turbulent ocean

The effect of anisotropic turbulence on the spreading and wandering of Gaussian–Schell model (GSM) laser beams propagating in an ocean is studied. The long-term spreading of a GSM beam propagating through the paraxial channel of a turbulent ocean is also developed. Expressions of random wander for such laser beams are derived in an anisotropic turbulent ocean based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. We investigate the influence of parameters in a turbulent ocean on the beam wander and spreading. Our results indicate that beam spreading and random beam wandering are smaller without considering the anisotropy of turbulence in the oceanic channel. Salinity fluctuation has a greater contribution to both the beam spreading and beam wander than that of temperature fluctuations in a turbulent ocean. Our results could be helpful for designing a free-space optical wireless communication system in an oceanic environment.

Dynamics of Nonclassical Correlations with an Initial Correlation

We investigate the dynamics of nonclassical correlations including concurrence and local quantum uncertainty in the damped Jaynes–Cummings model with an initial system–reservoir correlation. The dynamics of qubit–reservoir correlation and the influence of non-Markovian effect are studied. Furthermore, we consider the double damped Jaynes–Cummings model consisting of two noninteracting qubits locally coupled to independent reservoirs and explore the properties of both qubit–qubit and reservoir–reservoir correlations. The influences of initial correlation and non-Markovian effect on the dynamics of nonclassical correlations are analyzed. It is found that the dynamics for both qubit–qubit and reservoir–reservoir correlations can be significantly changed by the initial correlation and the non-Markovian effect. Finally, we explore the sudden changes of local quantum uncertainty and find that they are closely related to the initial system–environment entanglement.

Tunable Plasmon-Induced Transparency Effect in MIM Side-Coupled Isosceles Trapezoid Cavities System

We propose a plasmonic structure based on the metal-insulator-metal waveguide with the side-coupled isosceles trapezoid cavities. Both of the structures based on the side-coupled trapezoid cavities separated or connected with waveguides can realize the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). By adjusting the structure parameters, the off-to-on PIT response can be tunably achieved. The coupled mode theory (CMT) method is used to study the PIT phenomenon and explain the transmission characteristics. This work may provide a potential way for designing highly integrated photonic devices.

Plasmonic Planar Lens Based on Slanted Nanoslit Array

The novel plasmonic lenses based on slanted nanoslits have been proposed theoretically. The slanted nanoslits with different slant angles can provide unequal propagation distances for the surface plasmon polaritons excited by incident light. The phase retardation for wavefront shaping can be obtained to realize constructive interference on a preset single spot. We can actively modulate the position of the optical focus by adjusting the slits slant angles properly. The simulation results of the finite element method are used to verify our proposals.

Characteristics of multiple Fano resonances in waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance sensors based on waveguide theory

We observe and analyze multiple Fano resonances and the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) arising from waveguidecoupled surface plasmon resonance in a metal-dielectric Kretschmann configuration. It is shown that the simulation results for designed structures agree well with those of the dispersion relation of waveguide theory. We demonstrate that the coupling between the surface plasmon polariton mode and multi-order planar waveguide modes leads to multiple Fano resonances and PIT. The obtained results show that the number of Fano resonances and the linewidth of resonances depend on two structural parameters, the Parylene C and SiO2 layers, respectively. For the sensing action of Fano resonance, the figure of merit for the sensitivity by intensity is estimated to be 44 times higher than that of conventional surface plasmon resonance sensors. Our research reveals the potential advantage of sensors with high sensitivity based on coupling between the SPP mode and multi-order PWG modes.

Tunable Multiple Plasmon-Induced Transparencies Based on Asymmetrical Grapheme Nanoribbon Structures

We present plasmonic devices, consisting of periodic arrays of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and a graphene sheet waveguide, to achieve controllable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) by numerical simulation. We analyze the bright and dark elements of the GNRs and graphene-sheet waveguide structure. Results show that applying the gate voltage can electrically tune the PIT spectrum. Adjusting the coupling distance and widths of GNRs directly results in a shift of transmission dips. In addition, increased angle of incidence causes the transmission to split into multiple PIT peaks. We also demonstrate that PIT devices based on graphene plasmonics may have promising applications as plasmonic sensors in nanophotonics.

Quantum coherence and quantum correlation of two qubits mediated by a one-dimensional plasmonic waveguide

We investigate the dynamics of quantum coherence and quantum correlation of two qubits mediated by a one-dimensional plasmonic waveguide. The analytical expression of the dissipative dynamics of the two qubits is obtained for the initial X state. The dynamical behaviors of the quantum coherence and quantum correlation are shown to be largely dependent on the parameters of the initial state. Starting from a product state, quantum coherence and quantum correlation can be induced by the plasmonic waveguide. Under continuous drivings, steady quantum correlation can be obtained at specific distance larger than the operating wavelength and large values of steady quantum coherence are attainable at arbitrary distance. The detuning effect on the dissipation-driven generation of steady quantum coherence and quantum correlation is also explored.

Tunable multiple channeled phenomena in graphene-based plasmonic Bragg reflectors

Plasmonic Bragg reflectors based on graphene with multiple channeled phenomena are proposed and investigated numerically. As a mid-infrared waveguide, the monolayer graphene exhibits locally variable optical properties through the modulation of electric fields. The periodical change of the effective refractive index (ERI) on graphene can be determined by applying external gate voltage. When we introduce an unmatched configuration or gate voltage, periodicity is disrupted, and a defect resonance mode is generated. At this point, the structure can be regard as a Fabry-Perot cavity. Accordingly, multiple-channel effects can be achieved by introducing cascaded multiple defects or including double symmetrical Fabry-Perot structures. This design shows applications potential in the graphene-based optoelectronic devices, particularly in the development of low-cost hyperspectral imaging sensors in mid-infrared region.