Zhi Zhong

Parallel two-step spatial carrier phase-shifting common-path interferometer with a Ronchi grating outside the Fourier plane

A parallel two-step spatial carrier phase-shifting common-path interferometer with a Ronchi grating placed outside the Fourier plane is proposed in this paper for quantitative phase imaging. Two phase-shifted interferograms with spatial carrier can be captured simultaneously using the proposed interferometer. The dc term can be eliminated by subtracting the two phase-shifted interferograms, and the phase of a specimen can be reconstructed through Fourier transform. The validity and stability of the interferometer proposed are experimentally demonstrated via the measurement of a phase plate.

Common-path interferometer with a tri-window

A common-path interferometer is proposed with a tri-window. It is built using a 4f optical system with Ronchi ruling as a spatial filter. The input rectangular aperture is formed by three windows; the central window supports a phase object, and the other two are used for reference beams. Using an appropriate grating period relative to input aperture size, an interferogram containing three patterns can be obtained in the output plane. The object phase can then be reconstructed from the three patterns using just one interferogram. The experiments are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed scheme.

Two-shot common-path phase-shifting interferometer with a four-step algorithm and an unknown phase shift

This paper presents a two-shot common-path phase-shifting interferometer that consists of a 4f optical system with two windows in the input plane and a Ronchi grating in the Fourier plane, and generates two adjacent interferograms using only diffraction orders 0 and +1 and 0 and -1. Four phase-shifted interferograms can be obtained in two shots by modulating two linear polarizers with angle difference of π/4 and translating the grating with only an unknown phase shift. An algorithm similar to the standard four-step algorithm is used to retrieve the phase of a specimen, and it requires no knowledge of the phase shift introduced by translation of the grating. The validity and repeatability of the proposed method is proved through simulations and experiments.

Optical movie encryption based on a discrete multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform

A movie encryption scheme is proposed using a discrete multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform and theta modulation. After being modulated by sinusoidal amplitude grating, each frame of the movie is transformed by a filtering procedure and then multiplexed into a complex signal. The complex signal is multiplied by a pixel scrambling operation and random phase mask, and then encrypted by a discrete multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform. The movie can be retrieved by using the correct keys, such as a random phase mask, a pixel scrambling operation, the parameters in a discrete multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform and a time sequence. Numerical simulations have been performed to demonstrate the validity and the security of the proposed method.

Parallel-quadrature on-axis phase-shifting common-path interferometer using a polarizing beam splitter.

A common-path parallel-quadrature on-axis phase-shifting interferometry using a modified Michelson configuration with a polarizing cube beam splitter is proposed for quantitative phase measurement. The frequency spectrum of the circularly polarized object beam is split into two beams using a beam splitter. One beam is converted to a 45° linearly polarized beam to act as the object beam, and the other beam is low-filtered by a pinhole mirror to act as the reference beam. Two interferograms with quadrature phase shift can be simultaneously captured by combining the 45° linearly polarized object beam with the circularly polarized reference beam through a 45° tilted polarizing cube beam splitter, and the phase of a specimen can be then retrieved through a two-step phase-shifting algorithm. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate the validity and stability of the proposed method.

Silhouette-free image encryption using interference in the multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform domain

A novel approach for silhouette-free image encryption based on interference is proposed using discrete multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform (DMPFrFT), which generalizes from fractional Fourier transform. An original image is firstly applied by chaotic pixel scrambling (CPS) and then encoded into the real part of a complex signal. Using interference principle, the complex signal generates three phase-only masks in DMPFrFT domain. The silhouette of the original image cannot be extracted using one or two of the three phase-only masks. The parameters of both CPS and DMPFrFT can also serve as encryption keys to extend the key space, which further enhance the level of cryptosystem security. Numerical simulations are demonstrated to show the feasibility and validity of this approach.

Simultaneous dual-wavelength off-axis flipping digital holography

We develop a two-wavelength off-axis digital holography for quantitative phase imaging using flipping in a single interferogram shot. The interference is performed by flipping the relative position of a sample and reference beam, and the two-wavelength information is spatially multiplexed onto a monochromatic charge-coupled device camera simultaneously using polarization modulation. Due to the interferogram containing two-wavelength information with orthogonal interference fringes, the two-wavelength unwrapped information on the phase and thickness for the sample is extracted from a single shot. Our setup requires no pinholes, gratings, or dichroic mirrors with straightforward alignment. We demonstrate the operation of the setup with a step target and circular pillar.

Parallel common path phase-shifting interferometer with a digital reflective grating

A parallel common path phase-shifting interferometer is presented using a digital reflective grating realized by a digital micromirror device (DMD). The interferometer based on a modified Michelson architecture is constructed by a beamsplitter, a pinhole mirror, a digital reflective Ronchi grating and two lenses with same focal length to build a 4f optical system. In the interferometer, the pinhole mirror is used to low-filter the input-beam to act as reference beam, and the grating is used to introduce phase shift among +1, 0, and −1 diffraction orders of the input-beam to act as object beam. Then the specimen phase can be reconstructed from the three phase-shifted interferograms recorded in one shot using a normalize algorithm. The theoretical analysis and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method.

Real-time image edge enhancement with a spiral phase filter and graphic processing unit.

Isotropic image edge enhancement with high contrast can be achieved using a spiral phase filter (SPF) in a 4f optical system. However, real-time application of edge enhancement with SPF has generally been limited due to the requirement of coherent light or complex phase-shifting operation. In this paper, we demonstrate a real-time image edge enhancement method using a SPF and a graphic processing unit (GPU). By implementing the process of virtual spiral phase filtering on GPU, we are able to speed up the whole procedure by more than 8.3× with respect to CPU processing, and ultimately achieve video rate for megapixel images. In particular, our implementation can achieve higher speedup for more multiple images. These developments are increasing the potential for image edge enhancement of moving objects.

Image edge enhancement for moving objects with a spiral phase filter

A fast image edge enhancement method for moving objects is presented with a spiral phase filter using radial Hilbert transform theory. The spiral phase filter is placed in the Fourier plane of a 4f optical system, and used to process the spectral of objects image to achieve 2-D image edge enhancement of shape-free objects. All the directions of object edge can be enhanced similarly because there is a phase difference π along any diameter direction of the spiral phase filter. The results show that this method has good performance for enhancing the edge of moving objects. The advantages of this method are simple operations, clear edge images, high measurement speed and automatic measurement.