Zlatko Šatović

Development of a composite map in Vicia faba, breeding applications and future prospects

A composite map of the Vicia faba genome based on morphological markers, isozymes, RAPDs, seed protein genes and microsatellites was constructed. The map incorporates data from 11 F2 families for a total of 654 individuals all sharing the common female parent Vf 6. The integrated map is arranged in 14 major linkage groups (five of which were located in specific chromosomes). These linkage groups include 192 loci and cover 1,559xa0cM with an overall average marker interval of 8xa0cM. By joining data of a new F2 population segregating for resistance to ascochyta, broomrape and others traits of agronomic interest, have been saturated new areas of the genome. The combination of trisomic segregation, linkage analysis among loci from different families with a recurrent parent, and the analysis of new physically located markers, has allowed the establishment of the present status of the V. faba map with a wide coverage. This map provides an efficient tool in breeding applications such as disease-resistance mapping, QTL analyses and marker-assisted selection.

Identification of QTLs influencing combustion quality in Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. II. Chlorine and potassium content

AbstractnChlorine and potassium content are important traits related to combustion quality of Miscanthus species. These traits were analysed in a cross between F1.1 and F1.7 entries of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, both lines offspring of the cross between MS-90-2 and MS-88-110. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were performed on a previous linkage map constructed with the offspring cross mapping strategy. The mapqtl 4.0 package was used to perform QTL analyses. Six potential QTLs were detected with data collected over a 2-year period. Of these, four were associated with chlorine and two with potassium. These results could be used as an initial step to develop a marker-aided selection programme for biomass with low mineral content.

Identification of QTLs influencing agronomic traits in Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. I. Total height, flag-leaf height and stem diameter.

nWe have developed the first quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for agronomic traits in a cross between F1.1 (P1) and F1.7 (P7) entries of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Both lines are offspring of the cross between MS-90-2 and MS-88-110. A map based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers previously constructed was used to perform the QTL analyses. This map was developed using a new mapping strategy that has been designated offspring cross. Eleven QTLs were detected for height, panicle height and diameter using the programme mapqtl 4.0 and the multiple QTL method. QTL significance was determined using several analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis analyses, empirical determination of LOD critical values using permutation tests, QTLs validation with field data over 2 years and co-localization of QTLs for correlated traits. The results obtained could be the first step in developing a marker-assisted selection programming in this species for biomass production.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for specific mechanisms of resistance to Orobanche crenata Forsk. in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is the major constraint for pea cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin and Middle East. Cultivation of resistant varieties would be the most efficient, economical and environmentally friendly way to control this parasite. However, little resistance is available within cultivated pea. Promising sources of resistance have been identified in wild peas but their use in breeding programs is hampered by the polygenic nature of the resistance. The identification of molecular markers linked to the resistance would allow tracking of the underlying genes, facilitating their introgression into pea cultivars. The main objective of this study was the identification of genomic regions associated with resistance to O. crenata. A RIL (Recombinant Inbred Lines) population derived from a cross between a resistant accession of the wild pea Pisum sativum ssp. syriacum, and a susceptible pea variety was screened for resistance to O. crenata under field conditions during two seasons. In addition, resistance reactions at different stages of the O. crenata infection cycle were assessed using a Petri dish method. The approach allowed the identification of four Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with field resistance, assessed as the number of emerged broomrape shoots per pea plant under field conditions. These identified QTLs explained individually from 10 to 17% of the phenotypic variation. In addition QTLs governing specific mechanisms of resistance, such as low induction of O. crenata seed germination, lower number of established tubercles per host root length unit, and slower development of tubercles were also identified. Identified QTLs explained individually from 8 to 37% of the variation observed depending on the trait. Host plant aerial biomass and root length were also assessed and mapped. Both traits were correlated with the level of O. crenata infection and three out of the four QTLs controlling resistance under field conditions co-localized with QTLs controlling plant aerial biomass or root length. The relationship observed among these traits and resistance is discussed.

Genetic diversity in Orobanche crenata populations from southern Spain

Abstractu2008u2008The pattern of genetic variation within and among natural populations of broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) from southern Spain was analysed by RAPD markers. Hierarchical analysis of phenotypic diversity using AMOVA was performed to analyse the partitioning of the variation among populations and among individuals. Although most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among individuals within a population (94.29%), significant φst values among populations suggested the existence of phenotypic differentiation. Moreover, corresponding HOMOVA analysis revealed that molecular variances were significantly heterogeneous among populations although no clear grouping pattern could be established. These results are to be expected considering the predominant outcrossing behaviour of O. crenata.

Genetic mapping of new morphological, isozyme and RAPD markers in Vicia faba L. using trisomics.

Thirteen F2 families of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), descended from plants trisomic for chromosomes 3, 4, 5 and 6, have been analyzed for morphological, isozyme and RAPD markers. This allowed the establishment of linkage relationships among these markers as well as the assignment of some markers and/or linkage groups to their respective chromosomes. The linkage analysis of partially overlapping sets of informative genetic markers for the data pooled from 13 F2 families has revealed 48 linkage groups, six of which have been precisely assigned to specific chromosomes. A statistical procedure to analyze the data of joint segregation analysis in families derived from trisomic plants has been developed.

Identification of QTLs associated with yield and its components in Miscanthus sinensis Anderss

Yield and its components (stem-, leaf- and top-yield) were analyzed in a population derived from the cross between F1.1 andF1.7 entries of Miscanthus sinensisAnders. Both lines are offspring of the cross between MS-90-2 and MS-88-110. The aim of this work was to identify QTLs for yield and its components suitable to develop a Marker Aided Selection (MAS) program in M. sinensis.QTL analyses were performed using a previous linkage map based on RAPD markers which was constructed using a new mapping strategy named ‘offspring cross’ that is useful for mapping in forest and fruit trees. The MapQTL 4.0 package was used to perform QTL analyses. Twenty potential QTLs were detected over two years of analyses. Out of these, 6 were associated with yield,8 with stem-yield, 2 with leaf-yield and 4with top-yield. These results constitute an initial step to develop a MAS program for biomass production.

Estimation of linkage in trisomic inheritance

Based on F2 families derived from selfed F1 trisomic plants we have developed a genetic model to estimate linkage relationships between pairs of loci located on the extra chromosome. Genotypic frequencies of each class expected in a trisomic F2 family have been calculated and the maximum-likelihood equations for recombination-fraction estimation have been derived for a variety of genetic situations. Morton’s test of homogeneity was used to compare recombination fractions estimated between loci exhibiting trisomic segregation to those obtained in families where the same loci showed Mendelian segregation. This method has been applied to an analysis of morphological, isozyme and RAPD data from faba bean (Vicia faba L.).

Identification of pathotypes and analysis of the genetic structure of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis populations

Trabajo presentado en el 15th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, celebrado en cordoba (Espana) del 20 al 23 de junio de 2017.Comunicacion oral presentada en el 15th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, June 20–23, 2017, Cordoba, Spain.Early assessment of late wilt of maize (Harpophora maydis) and the control effect of Lycium europaeum extracts. C. RODRÍGUEZ-MALLOL1, R. TEJ1,2, L. MOLINERO-RUIZ1. 1Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain. 2Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1060 Tunis El Manar, Tunisia. E-mail: lmolinero@ias.csic.es