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Featured researches published by Zoë Gardner.


Planta Medica | 2012

Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions (Part 2): Drug Interactions Involving Popular Botanical Dietary Supplements and Their Clinical Relevance

Bill J. Gurley; Espero Kim Fifer; Zoë Gardner

In Part 2 of this review, a critical examination of the pertinent scientific literature is undertaken in order to assess the interaction risk that popular dietary supplements may pose when taken concomitantly with conventional medications. Botanicals most likely to produce clinically important herb-drug interactions are those whose phytochemicals act as mechanism-based inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity (e.g., Hydrastis canadensis, Piper nigrum, Schisandra chinensis) or function as ligands for orphan nuclear receptors (e.g., Hypericum perforatum). In addition, several external factors unrelated to phytochemical pharmacology can augment the drug interaction potential of botanical supplements.


Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants | 2005

MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA FOR THE TREATMENT OF SELECTED SKIN CONDITIONS

Nazim A. Mamedov; Zoë Gardner; Lyle E. Craker

ABSTRACT Russia and Central Asia are geographically located in the heart of the Eurasian continent. The Russian landscape is generally composed of hardwood and softwood forests, while in the Central Asian countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tadjikstan, and parts of Mongolia and China, mountains, steppes, and deserts are the primary landforms. The flora of Russia and Central Asia contains approximately 300 species of plants that have been used in prescription and non-prescription pharmaceutical preparations, while nearly 2500 plants are known to have been used in traditional medicine. This paper reviews the plants used in both traditional and non-prescription pharmaceutical remedies for the treatment of allergic rashes, skin irritations, boils, wounds, dermatitis, and pyoderma.


Breastfeeding Medicine | 2012

Systematic Review of Breastfeeding and Herbs

Katarzyna Budzynska; Zoë Gardner; Jean-Jacques Dugoua; Tieraona Low Dog; Paula Gardiner

OBJECTIVES Despite popular and historical use, there has been little modern research conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of herb use during breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the clinical literature on herbal medicine and lactation. METHODS The databases PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, HealthSTAR, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Reprotox were systematically searched for human trials from 1970 until 2010. Reference lists from relevant articles were hand-searched. RESULTS Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Clinical studies were divided into three categories: survey studies (n=11), safety studies (n=8), and efficacy studies (n=13). Six studies were randomized controlled trials. The most common herbs studied were St. Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) (n=3), garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract (n=2), and senna (Cassia senna L.) (n=2). Studies were very heterogeneous with regard to study design, herbal intervention, and outcome measures. Overall, poor methodological quality predominated among the studies. CONCLUSIONS Our review concludes that further research is needed to assess the prevalence, efficacy, and safety of commonly used herbs during breastfeeding.


Pediatrics in Review | 2013

Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine: Advice for Clinicians on Herbs and Breastfeeding

Katarzyna Budzynska; Zoë Gardner; Tieraona Low Dog; Paula Gardiner

The use of herbal remedies is a tradition held in many cultures throughout the world, and women may use herbal remedies during lactation. Because of the limitations of the current literature, it is difficult to develop accurate information on the safety and efficacy of specific herbs used during breastfeeding. It is critical that more research is conducted in this area, including national prevalence studies and safety and efficacy studies.


Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants | 2015

Yield and Effects of Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer on Field-Grown Chinese Medicinal Plants in the United States

Zoë Gardner; Erik B. Erhardt; Ekaterina Shaikouskaya; Jun Pill Baek; Lyle E. Craker

There is an increased demand for Chinese medicinal plants in the U.S., with little known about the feasibility of production of these species outside of China. The purpose of this study was to develop basic agronomic data for selected Chinese medicinal plant species. Agastache rugosa, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Leonurus japonicus, and Leonurus sibiricus were grown in a randomized complete block design with 0, 100, or 200 kg.ha−1 of nitrogen (N). At 100 kg.ha−1 of N, a significant increase in yield of all species was observed as compared to the 0 kg.ha−1 control. Average dry yield per plant at 100 kg.ha−1 of N was 44.7 g for A. rugosa herb, 52.6 g for S. tenuifolia inflorescences, 42.7 g for L. japonicus basal rosette, and 46.9 g for L. sibiricus basal rosette. Yields of A. rugosa and both Leonurus species increased significantly again at 200 kg.ha−1 of N as compared to 100 kg.ha−1, while the increase in yield between these two levels was slight for S. tenuifolia. Results from these trials indicate that all four of the selected species are suitable for cultivation in the northeastern U.S.


Journal of Medicinally Active Plants | 2012

A morphometric analysis of Actaea racemosa L. (Ranunculaceae)

Zoë Gardner; Lorna Lueck; Erik B. Erhardt; Lyle E. Craker

Actaea racemosa L. (syn. Cimicifuga racemosa [L.] Nutt.), Ranunculaceae, commonly known as black cohosh, is an herbaceous, perennial, medicinal plant native to the deciduous woodlands of eastern North America. Historical texts and current sales data indicate the continued popularity of this plant as an herbal remedy for over 175 years. Much of the present supply of A. racemosa is harvested from the wild. Diversity within and between populations of the species has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological variation of A. racemosa and identify patterns of variation at the population and species levels. A total of 26 populations representative of a significant portion of the natural range of the species were surveyed and plant material was collected for the morphological analysis of 37 leaflet, flower, and whole plant characteristics. In total, 511 leaflet samples and 83 flower samples were examined. Several of the populations surveyed had sets of relatively unique characteristics (large leaflet measurements, tall leaves and flowers, and a large number of stamen), and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons revealed significant differences between specific populations for 20 different characteristics. No unique phenotype, however, was found. Considerable morphological plasticity was noted in the apices of the staminodia. Cluster analyses showed that the morphological variation within populations was not smaller than between population and that this variation in not influenced by their geographic distribution. INTRODUCTION Actaea racemosa L. (syn. Cimicifuga racemosa [L.] Nutt.), Ranunculaceae, commonly known as black cohosh, is an herbaceous perennial medicinal plant native to the deciduous woodlands of eastern North America. The distribution of the plant ranges from Massachusetts to Ontario, Missouri and Georgia (Kartesz, 1999), with the highest density of plants found in the Appalachian Mountains. Preparations made from A. racemosa roots and rhizomes are currently popular medicinal products in the United States and Europe for the relief of menopausal symptoms. In 2005, A. racemosa was reported to be the eighth most popular herbal supplement in the U.S. (Blumenthal, 2005). The vast majority, an estimated 96 percent, of the A. racemosa sold is collected from the wild (Lyke, 2001). Other slow growing woodland species of North American medicinal plants that have economically valuable roots, such as ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) and goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.), have been harvested to an extent that threatens the species (Robbins, 1999). Since wild populations of the plant are declining and continued dependence on wild sources could easily cause the species to become threatened (Lyke, 2001), efforts are being made to Gardner et al.: A morphometric analysis of Actaea racemosa L. (Ranunculaceae)


BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 2012

P05.26. Systematic review of breastfeeding and herbs

K Budzynska; Zoë Gardner; J Duguoa; T Low Dog; Paula Gardiner

Results Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Clinical studies were divided into three categories: survey studies (n=11), safety studies (n= 8), and efficacy studies (n= 13). Six studies were randomized controlled trials. The most common herbs studied were St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) (n=3), garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract (n=2), and senna (Cassia senna L.) (n=2). Studies were very heterogeneous with regards to study design, herbal intervention, and outcome measures. Overall, poor methodological quality predominated among the studies.


Acta Horticulturae | 2005

Foreword and Preface

C.M. Franz; Lyle Craker; Zoë Gardner


Archive | 2006

MEDICINAL PLANTS AND TOMORROW'S PHARMACY

Lyle E. Craker; Zoë Gardner


Hortscience | 2003

Herbs in American Fields: A Horticultural Perspective of Herb and Medicinal Plant Production in the United States, 1903 to 2003

Lyle E. Craker; Zoë Gardner; Selma C. Etter

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Lyle E. Craker

University of Massachusetts Amherst

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Bill J. Gurley

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

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Paula Gardiner

University of Queensland

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E. Kim Fifer

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

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Ekaterina Shaikouskaya

University of Massachusetts Amherst

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Jun Pill Baek

University of Massachusetts Amherst

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