Zongliang Wang

High-sensitive measurement of water vapor: shot-noise level performance via a noise canceller

Taking advantages of distributed feedback laser diode a technique is described to achieve high-sensitive measurement for water vapor concentration. This technique, with a modified balanced ratio metric detection system, has improved the accuracy of measured absorption spectrum by two main aspects. Improvement by matching equivalent conductivity of signal or reference photo detector (PD) is presented, and with the additional matched resistance suppression for the power variation in the signal-beam has been improved from 53 to 88 dB. The importance of integrating amplifier bandwidth design from the circuit to the measured absorption spectrum has been demonstrated in our experiment. For a scan rate of 32 Hz with an optimal corresponding bandwidth of 15.9 kHz, the absorption spectrum is well described by Voigt profile, with a difference of 1% at an atmosphere pressure of 1 atm and a room temperature of 296 K. With the application of averaging and filtering, absorption sensitivity of 1.093×10(-6) for water vapor at 1368.597 nm has been demonstrated, and the corresponding concentration is 71.8 ppb in just a 10 cm path length.

An Improved Denoising Method in RDTS Based on Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima

This paper proposed and demonstrated an improved wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) denoising method to decrease the temperature error without decreasing spatial resolution in Raman distributed temperature sensors. In this scheme, the WTMM were obtained by combining those on the high and low decomposition scales, and the temperature signal was reconstructed using the WTMM. Experimental results show that the new proposed method has better denoising effect than the conventional one, allowing for the temperature error reduction of ~2 °C at 30 °C and 60 °C without decreasing spatial resolution comparing to original data.

Study of an optical fiber water vapor sensor based on a DFB diode laser: combined wavelength scanning and intensity modulation

An optical fiber water vapor sensor based on a distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser was reported. The DFB diode laser was internally driven by a low-frequency current to realize wavelength scanning; simultaneously, laser output was externally modulated through an electro-optic modulator to realize high-frequency intensity modulation. Measurement precision of water vapor concentration could be improved by two main aspects, absolute absorption profile and high signal-to-noise ratio. The experiment was carried out at 1 atm/296 K and the recovered absolute absorption profile of water vapor at 1368.597 nm was described by Voigt profile with a difference of 1%. A well linearity was achieved with an R-square of 0.9999 and the sensitivity for a 10-cm absorption length was achieved to be 6.7 × 10−8 Hz−1/2.

Demodulation algorithm used in single-beam system immune to light power drift.

A demodulation algorithm based on the head-tail technique is proposed for single-beam water vapor detection under rough environmental conditions, which is immune to fluctuations of light power. In the head-tail technique, collected data are processed by adding the head and tail data together and gradually approaching the center. The majority of photocurrent attenuation caused by optical loss can be effectively compensated by combining an optical intensity normalization coefficient in the method. The experiment indicates that, when the light power attenuates 4%, the deviation in a single-beam system is 1.29%, which is obviously superior to a dual-beam subtraction system whose deviation is 8.45%. The connection and advantages compared to a previous single-beam detection system have been discussed. The whole arrangement is simply designed without a beam splitter, of which the reliability and validity are fully verified by the experimental results.

Using Multiple Reference Points in Raman Based Distributed Temperature Sensor for Eliminating DC Interference

In this paper, the multiple reference points methods for eliminating dc interference in Raman scattering based distributed temperature sensors (DTSs) are presented and their performance comparison for eliminating dc interference is also made under two different test conditions. The experimental results show that the dual reference points temperature interrogating methods can calculate dc offsets in real time and improve the performance of DTS systems efficiently under mutative dc offsets condition. Meanwhile, more than two reference points cannot improve the system in performance, and the single reference point method is suitable for working under constant dc offsets condition.

Dual reference point temperature interrogating method for distributed temperature sensor

A novel method based on dual temperature reference points is presented to interrogate the temperature in a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system. This new method is suitable to overcome deficiencies due to the impact of DC offsets and the gain difference in the two signal channels of the sensing system during temperature interrogation. Moreover, this method can in most cases avoid the need to calibrate the gain and DC offsets in the receiver, data acquisition and conversion. An improved temperature interrogation formula is presented and the experimental results show that this method can efficiently estimate the channel amplification and system DC offset, thus improving the system accuracy.

Theoretical analysis of the impact of Rayleigh noise on the performance of distributed Raman temperature sensors

We present a theoretical model to analyze the impact of Rayleigh noise on Raman distributed temperature sensors (RDTS), which use the anti-Stokes and Stokes light or anti-Stokes component only as the demodulation signals. Based on this model, the effects of Rayleigh noise on temperature accuracy, sensitivity, and resolution are investigated both at only one point and in a section of the fiber. The analysis indicates that for RDTS demodulated by anti-Stokes light only, the temperature accuracy, sensitivity, and resolution decrease by about 1°C, 10%, and 0.25°C on the assumption that the Rayleigh noise accounts for 10% of the anti-Stokes intensity. Moreover, for RDTS demodulated by Stokes and anti-Stokes light, the temperature accuracy, sensitivity, and resolution decrease by about 1°C, 10%, and 0.2°C assuming that the Rayleigh noise in two paths is equal to 10% of the intensity of anti-Stokes and Stokes light. The analysis demonstrates that the impact of Rayleigh noise on sensing capacities of RDTS is non-negligible, thus providing a major contribution to the elimination of Rayleigh noise in RDTS.

Single polarization output of erbium-doped DFB fiber laser by self-injection locking

A simple self-injection locking (SIL) configuration of DFB fiber laser is presented, which is composed of an optical circulator, a isolator and a polarization controller. By injecting the feedback laser into the DFB fiber laser, it can realize the stable single-polarization lasing with a degree of polarization larger than 0.98. And a high resolution phase-shift fiber grating transmission spectrum, output power, and optical spectrum characteristics of the laser are also measured. The results have potential application in optical communication and high sensitive fiber sensors.