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Tuberculosis | 2015

7000 year-old Tuberculosis Cases from Hungary – Osteological and Biomolecular Evidence

Muriel Masson; Zsolt Bereczki; Erika Molnár; Helen D. Donoghue; David E. Minnikin; Oona Y.-C. Lee; Houdini H.T. Wu; Gurdyal S. Besra; Ian D. Bull; György Pálfi

This study derives from the macroscopic analysis of a Late Neolithic population from Hungary. Remains were recovered from a tell settlement at Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa from graves within the settlement as well as pits, ditches, houses and as stray finds. One of the most important discoveries from these remains was evidence of tuberculosis. Pathological analysis of the seventy-one individuals revealed numerous cases of infections and non-specific stress indicators on juveniles and adults, metabolic diseases on juveniles, and evidence of trauma and mechanical changes on adults. Several cases showed potential signs of tuberculosis and further analyses were undertaken, including biomolecular studies. The five individuals were all very young adults and included a striking case of Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteopathy (HPO) with rib changes, one case with resorptive lesions on the vertebrae, two cases with hypervascularisation on the vertebrae and periosteal remodelling on the ribs, and one case with abnormal blood vessel impressions and a possible lesion on the endocranial surface of the skull. The initial macroscopic diagnosis of these five cases was confirmed by lipid biomarker analyses, and three of them were corroborated by DNA analysis. At present, these 7000-year-old individuals are among the oldest palaeopathological and palaeomicrobiological cases of tuberculosis worldwide.


Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences | 2018

Partial mummification and extraordinary context observed in perinate burials: a complex osteoarcheological study applying ICP-AES, μXRF, and macromorphological methods

János Balázs; Zsolt Bereczki; Attila Bencsik; György V. Székely; László Paja; Erika Molnár; Ágnes Fogl; Gábor Galbács; György Pálfi

Very small, green colored, partially mummified remains of a perinate individual were found buried in a ceramic pot with a copper coin in the Late Medieval cemetery of Nyárlőrinc-Hangár út (“Nyárlőrinc 3. lelőhely”) in southern Hungary. The remains must date back to the second half of the nineteenth century AD. In this paper; we present data gathered in a series of multidisciplinary investigations targeted to the partially mummified remains (ind. no. 14426) and two other non-mummified perinates (ind. no. 10662 and no. 14336) possibly buried under similar circumstances in the cemetery. Besides standard macromorphological and stereomicroscopic examinations, we compared Cu concentrations in the remains using ICP-AES and mapped Cu concentration changes using μXRF. The partially mummified perinate showed the highest Cu concentrations, while the individual buried without a possible Cu source showed the lowest. Body parts in the closer proximity of the copper coins always showed higher concentration. The mummified individual showed 497 times higher Cu values than average, and even the perinate buried without copper coin measured higher than the otherwise normal Cu content of the soil. Extremely high Cu values may be related to the corrosion of the coins included in the burials. Mummification must have been facilitated by copper deriving from the coins. Uneven Cu concentrations and only partial mummification of one of the individuals refer to the importance of other environmental factors involved in a possible quasi-natural mummification process. However, the Nyárlőrinc perinate burial no. 14426 may be the first solely copper-driven mummification case ever reported, and hopefully, more cases are to appear in the future.


Anthropologiai Közlemények | 2016

7000 éves dél-magyarországi tuberkulózis esetek oszteológiai és molekuláris biológiai vizsgálata

Muriel Masson; Zsolt Bereczki; Erika Molnár; Helen D. Donoghue; David E. Minnikin

This study derives from the macroscopic analysis of a Late Neolithic population from southern Hungary. Remains were recovered from a tell settlement at Hodmezővasarhely-Gorzsa from graves within the settlement as well as pits, ditches, houses and as stray finds. Pathological analysis of the 71 individuals revealed numerous cases of infections and non-specific stress indicators, metabolic diseases, and evidence of trauma and mechanical changes. Several cases showed potential signs of tuberculosis and further analyses were undertaken, including biomolecular studies. The five individuals were all very young adults and included a striking case of hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy. The initial macroscopic diagnosis of these five cases was confirmed by lipid biomarker analyses, and three of them were corroborated by DNA analysis. At present, these 7000-year-old individuals are among the oldest palaeopathological and palaeomicrobiological cases of tuberculosis worldwide.


Tuberculosis | 2015

Tuberculosis infection in a late-medieval Hungarian population

Annamária Pósa; Frank Maixner; Christophe Sola; Zsolt Bereczki; Erika Molnár; Muriel Masson; Gabriella Lovász; Olga Spekker; Erika Wicker; Pascale Perrin; Olivier Dutour; Albert Zink; György Pálfi

The AD 16-17(th) century skeletal series from Bácsalmás-Óalmás (southern Hungary) has already been the subject of previous paleopathological studies concerning TB-related bone lesions. Due to recent development of macroscopic and molecular diagnostic methods in paleopathology and paleomicrobiology, a five-year international research program was recently started in order to re-evaluate the TB-related lesions in the complete series, comprising 481 skeletons. The skeletal material of these individuals was examined using macromorphological methods focusing on both classical/advanced stage skeletal TB alterations and atypical/early-stage TB lesions. Paleomicrobial analysis was used to study the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA both in morphologically positive and negative cases. Samples were tested for the repetitive element IS6110 and further characterized by spoligotyping. In the whole series, 283 possible cases of TB infections were identified based on morphological alterations. Skeletal samples of eighteen individuals, morphologically positive as well as negative cases, were selected for further biomolecular examinations. Among them, seven individuals were PCR positive for the repetitive IS6110 sequence of the MTBC genome. Compared to the few cases of TB from the Bácsalmás-Óalmás series previously described, a much higher prevalence of MTBC infected skeletons was revealed in this study. The atypical/early stage skeletal lesions occurred significantly more frequently than the so-called classical alterations. Paleomicrobial analysis confirmed a prevalence of MTBC infection nearing 40% among the selected sample. Preliminary results also indicated better preservation of bacterial DNA in the compact layer of long bones and teeth, while spoligotyping suggested infection by different MTBC pathogens.


Journal of Archaeological Science | 2013

Strontium isotope analysis and human mobility during the Neolithic and Copper Age: a case study from the Great Hungarian Plain

Julia I. Giblin; Kelly J. Knudson; Zsolt Bereczki; György Pálfi; Ildikó Pap


International Journal of Osteoarchaeology | 2015

Rare Types of Trephination from Hungary Shed New Light on Possible Cross-cultural Connections in the Carpathian Basin

Zsolt Bereczki; Erika Molnár; Antónia Marcsik; György Pálfi


Anthropological Science | 2013

Skeletal manifestations of infantile scurvy in a late medieval anthropological series from Hungary

Gabriella Lovász; Michael Schultz; Johanna Gödde; Zsolt Bereczki; György Pálfi; Antónia Marcsik; Erika Molnár


Archive | 2005

Trephined skulls from ancient populations in Hungary

Zsolt Bereczki; Antónia Marcsik


Anthropologischer Anzeiger | 2013

Revision of tuberculous lesions in the Bácsalmás- Óalmás series - Preliminary morphological and biomolecular studies

Annamária Pósa; Frank Maixner; Gabriella Lovász; Erika Molnár; Zsolt Bereczki; Pascale Perrin; Albert Zink; György Pálfi


Journal of Cultural Heritage | 2015

Condition assessment of two early Christian martyrs’, St. Christine's and St. Augustine's relics with paleoradiological methods in Hungary

Lilla Alida Kristóf; Melinda Kovács; Gabor Baksa; Zsolt Bereczki; Ferenc Szatmári; Lajos Patonay; György Pálfi; László Pohárnok

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