Zuhayr Ghazaly

Properties Of Concrete With Different Percentange Of The Rice Husk Ash (RHA) As Partial Cement Replacement

The use of pozzolanic material from waste product as partial cement replacement in concrete contribute to reduce the environmental, economic problem through their waste and as well enhance the strength and properties of concrete. Rice husk ash (RHA) is one of the industrial waste that suitably used as a cement replacement due to its pozzolanic properties which can enhance the properties of concrete. In this study, the workability, compressive strength and water absorption of the concrete containg RHA is investigating. The chemical content of RHA also investigated by using X-ray Fluorescence Test (XRF). The different RHA percentage of 5%, 15% and 25% were used in this study with burning temperature 650°C. The concrete cube of size 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm were prepared and cured for 7, 14 and 28 days. Based on result, it was concluded that the optimum RHA replacement for cement in this report was 5 %, which provided the highest compressive strength at 28 days.

Experimental Study of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SIFCON) is a relatively new high performance and advanced material and can be considered as a special type of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC). The hooked-end shape steel fiber assist in controlling the propagation of cracking in the matrix by improving the overall cracking resistance and by bridging across even smaller cracks. In this paper, the comparison between the steel fiber reinforcement and BRC wire mesh will obtain and also between the different thickness size. The steel fiber will use from different percentage based on volume frictions which are 0.5%, 1% and 2% with aspect ratio 67. The beam is tested for flexural strength. The relationship between loads versus deflection represented graphically. The highest flexural strength obtained in this research is 19.34 MPa with 2% volume friction of steel fiber.

Performance of Concrete by Using Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as a Cement Replacement Material

Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is one of the solid waste in Malaysia and had trouble with the ash removal. Therefore, the use of waste oil palm ash can overcome the problem of solid waste. POFA is a pozzolanic material and it can act as a replacement of cement (OPC) to produce concrete with higher strength and low cost. POFA quality will increase as the range made up to a medium level of fineness in the size of 50 microns. POFA used to replace OPC is 0%, 10%, 30% and 50% by weight percent of OPC. POFA concrete compressive strength will be tested after a curing process that concrete age of 7 days and 28 days. POFA concrete density is also tested and compared with OPC concrete. Results showed that compressive strength POFA lower than normal concrete. On the other hand, the replacement of cement by 10% POFA shows a record high in compressive strength compared with other POFA mixing at the age of 7 days and 28 days. Fineness pozzolanic POFA is the best material and can be used as a cement replacement alternative.

Software Analysis of the Reinforced Concrete Beam with Additional Installation of Lightning Protection Cable

Lightning protection system protects building structure from direct lightning impact. Embedding lightning protection cable inside concrete structure is widely use in practice now days. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of installation of additional conductor cable inside concrete beam to its beam displacement and beam stress using finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The beam without additional conductor cable, with cable conductor installed at top and bottom reinforcement is modelled using ABAQUS. The results obtained from the three model is compared. As the result, the beam with additional conductor cable at top reinforcement shows minimum deformation and minimum Mises stress.

The effect of construction stage on the development of retaining wall

With the growing of population and density in metropolitan areas, especially for the narrow space areas, high rise buildings are the best choice to fulfil the demands for the lacking spaces for development. Hence, it seems deep excavation is necessary to construct underground spaces. Control of soil deformation is crucial for deep excavation in congested urban area to minimize its effect on adjacent structures. During excavation of the soil, retaining walls are required to retain the soil behind it. Therefore, an appropriate method or modelling is required to determine the movement of retaining wall due to lateral earth pressure acts behind it. Finite Element Method (FEM) utilizing computer program PLAXIS, was used to estimate the wall and ground deformation at each stage of excavation.

Design reinforced concrete structures: Differences in procedure, formula, and results between Eurocode 2 and British Standard 8110

This research is mainly about comparisons of reinforced concrete structure design based on Eurocode 2 and British Standard 8110. The reinforcement concrete element is designed by referring Eurocode 2 (EN1992-1-1) and British Standard 8110 (BS8110-1:1997) for comparing purpose. The work examples of the structural elements has been done in this research to obtain the area of reinforcement required. The differences in procedure, formula and result of area of steel required for the elements based on both of the codes are compared and tabulated. In this research, there are five part of reinforced concrete structure elements are designed which are continuous beams, one way slabs, braced and short column, pile cap, and cantilever retaining wall. From the result acquired, it shows that area of reinforcement required based on EC 2 is lesser than BS 8110 and the dimension required based on BS8110 is larger than EC 2. Meanwhile, the design based on Eurocode 2 came out with more economical structural elements compare...

Potential of soil liquefaction at Perlis, northern region of Malalysia

Soil liquefaction is earthquake’s secondary effect which could cause fatal damages and structures instability. Despite Malaysia been located in stable zone of Pacific Ring of Fire, few significant surrounded quakes like Sumatra-Andaman earthquake had prompted Malaysian’s public concern, especially in Perlis area, on local seismic resistant. Hence, this research presents the analysis result of liquefaction potential of the soils, as the secondary effect of earthquake, within Perlis, northern region of Malaysia; the next strong and sustainable metropolis by using semi-empirical procedures introduced by Seed and Idriss. The study consists of two stages which were determination of the local geological and geotechnical site conditions within Perlis and analysis of soil liquefaction susceptibility by using various methods and liquefaction potential by using Simplified Procedure developed by Seed and Idriss on stress approach. There were consist of four phases implemented in order to achieve the objectives targe...

Landslide Simulation Using Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Method

Slope stability analysis is one of the ancient tasks in the geotechnical engineering. There are two major methods; limit equilibrium method (LEM) and finite element method (FEM) that were used to analyze the factor of safety (FOS) to determine the stability of slope. The factor of safety will affect the remediation method to be underdesign or overdesign if the analysis method was not well chosen. This can lead to safety and costing problems which are the main concern. Furthermore, there were no statement that issued one of the analysis methods was more preferred than another. To achieve the objective of this research, the soil sample collected from landslide at Wang Kelian were tested to obtain the parameters of the soils. Then, those results were inserted into Plaxis and Slope/W software for modeling to obtain the factor of safety based on different cases such as geometry and homogenous of slope. The FOS obtained by FEM was generally lower compared to LEM but LEM can provide an obvious critical slip surface. This can be explained by their principles. Overall, the analysis method chosen must be based on the purpose of the analysis.

Influence of Soft Clay on Slope Stability

Slope stability is very important on designing a safe slope. If this were to be taken lightly by the engineer, major disaster will occur that results in lost of lives. Each engineer is responsible to evaluate all aspects of design, especially when designing a slope gradient on the surface of soft clay. Soft clay containing high water content and if not planned properly, water from the soft clay will seep into the slope and causes reduction in soil strength. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of water absorption of soft clay on the stability of the slope. The objectives of this study were to analyze the soil strength when the soil were soaked in water to a set of different time range and to analyze slope stability on soft clay based on the infiltration of water from underground using PLAXIS software. In this study, soil samples were taken and laboratory experiments were carried out to obtain the unit weight, cohesion, and friction angle of the soil samples. The experiments involved were grain size analysis test and unconfined compression test. Data from the experiments will be used in PLAXIS software to obtain the factor of safety.

The Effect of Steel Fiber as Additional Reinforcement in the Reinforced Concrete Beam

In the normal practice in the reinforced concrete design, the main reinforcement steel bar and links was used to fabricate the concrete structure. However new materials such as steel fiber has been introduced as the reinforcement to the reinforced concrete structure [1]. Nowadays, the application of fiber in concrete increase slightly as an engineering material demands. Fibers have distinctive of geometry, size and material. The characteristics and properties of fiber influence the properties concrete. Steel, glass and synthetic fibers were used in concrete in 1960s because of the difficulty to handle the asbestos fiber [2].