Zulkifli Dahlan

Morphological Diversity of Lansium domesticum Corr in South Sumatra

Research on the Morphological Diversity of Lansium domesticum Corr in South Sumatra aims to examine the morphological diversity of L. domesticum in South Sumatra. The research was conducted in April 2017 to June 2017. This research was conducted by means of exploration carried out in seven districts covering, East Ogan Komering Ulu District, South Ogan Komering Ulu District, Ogan Komering Ulu District, Musirawas District, Ogan Komering Ilir District, Muara Enim District and Musi Banyuasin District. Sampling was done using purposive sampling method. Observation of morphological diversity was done by characterization of morphology and analyzed by the descriptive method. The result of this research shows that in South Sumatera, there were two variants of L. domesticum namely L. domesticum variant duku and L. domesticum variant langsat. Morphological characters that distinguish between duku and langsat variants were found under canopy conditions, the presence of hair on top and bottom surfaces of leaves, fruit shape, fruit skin thickness, fruit taste, and the presence of sap on ripe fruit.

Evolution of 2015/2016 El Niño and its impact on Indonesia

A coupled ocean-atmosphere mode, namely the El Nino event, took place in the tropical Pacific during 2015 – 2016. The event developed in spring (April – May 2015), peaked in late fall to early winter (November – December 2015) and terminated in spring (April – May 2016). The intensity of the event, indicated by the Nino3.4 index, is classified as a strong event. Compare to the previous events, the 2015/2016 El Nino event is one of the strongest event during the last two decades. This study examined the evolution of the event and highlighted some of the important aspects of its influence on the Indonesian climate.A coupled ocean-atmosphere mode, namely the El Nino event, took place in the tropical Pacific during 2015 – 2016. The event developed in spring (April – May 2015), peaked in late fall to early winter (November – December 2015) and terminated in spring (April – May 2016). The intensity of the event, indicated by the Nino3.4 index, is classified as a strong event. Compare to the previous events, the 2015/2016 El Nino event is one of the strongest event during the last two decades. This study examined the evolution of the event and highlighted some of the important aspects of its influence on the Indonesian climate.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INVENTORY, MONITORING AND INFORMATION NETWORKS SYSTEM OF FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN SOUTH SUMATRA

Despite high attention and commitment of Indonesia in biodiversity conservation and its habitat, however, loss of biodiversity and habitat deforestation is also still high. Deforestation rate in Indonesia between period of 2000-2012 reach up 6.02 million ha, and approximately onethird of which is in Sumatra Island. As the fulfillment of CBD and Aichi targets, and in line with the mandate of the Law on the Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems and IBSAP (Indonesian Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan 2015-2020), we try to support the requires data as well as information on the current state of biodiversity. The aims are to develop an inventory system of biodiversity needed to establish baseline data on biodiversity including its conservation status in South Sumatra, develop a biodiversity monitoring system with qualitative parameters that can be used in the determination and monitoring of degradation rates of biodiversity, and the establishment of data management system and information network of fauna biodiversity in South Sumatera so that it can be utilized in monitoring and reporting of biodiversity at regional, national and international level at the international level. We conduct a comprehensive review of methods and techniques of inventory and monitoring of fauna biodiversity, especially those that have been done in the area of South Sumatra Province. We also analysis of data needs and information network of fauna biodiversity in South Sumatra. The results is shows in the web-application database, called the South Sumatran Biodiversity Information Networks, or SSBIN, and could preview at http://ssbin.unsri.ac.id/ . Keywords: south sumatra, biodiversity, information, networks, SSBIN.

Utilization of Freshwater Fish Biodiversity as Income Source of Poor Rural People (Case Study in Pampangan Subdistrict of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia)

South Sumatra Province is covered by 1.1 million hectares of swamp land, which were considered as marginal land due to wet and muddy conditions as well as the presence of wild animals. During the wet season, the swamp ecosystem becomes a productive fishing ground, providing fish resource for neighboring communities. So this productive area constitutes a source of income for fishermen in the area. The current system categorizes the swamp area in Pampangan subdistrict into three types according to the source of water. Overall, the swamp is inhabited by 46 species of fishes and prawn. Type-2 swamp is populated by 31 species, while a number of 27 and 16 species were found in the type-3 and type-1 swamp, respectively. Type-2 swamp comprises the highest diversity. Resource allocation for fisheries is managed by the local government into 21 water bodies with artificial border. Each water body is exploited by a group of two to ten fishermen using various fishing gears, the most effective of which is a barrier with box trap (lulung). Using this fishing gear, the production might reach around 624,170 kg of fish per year. This gear seems to be a nonselective gear which catches 23 fish species. The other type, i.e., the longline (rawai), is the most selective gear which catches only seven carnivorous fish species. Data collected from this study indicates that fish yield is variable among water bodies from 15,000 kg per year in Lebung Asem to 220,900 kg per year in Rasau Jungkal, depending on ecological conditions in the swamp. Thus, the management of fishing activity would be very important in keeping fish biodiversity and in order to increase the fish yield; therefore, the income of fishermen might be increased.

POLA PENGELOLAAN RAWA LEBAK BERBASIS KETERPADUAN EKOLOGI EKONOMI- SOSIAL-BUDAYA UNTUK PEMANFAATAN BERKELANJUTAN

Rawa lebak merupakan ekosistem yang dinamis, mengalami perubahan dua arah dari sistem akuatik ke sistem terestrial, dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor hidrologi, mutu air, vegetasi, fauna, kepemilikan dan pemanfaatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di rawa lebak Kecamatan Pampangan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, bertujuan untuk merumuskan pola pengelolaan rawa berbasis keterpaduan (integrated system) antara ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Pengamatan karakteristik hidrologi, ekologi, pola pemanfaatan, sosial dan budaya menunjukkan bahwa tipologi rawa lebak di lokasi penelitian dapat dibagi tiga yaitu rawa banjiran, rawa tadah hujan dan rawa campuran. Dari hasil analisis keterkaitan faktor internal dan eksternal, penilaian untuk rawa tadah hujan adalah 104 sedangkan rawa banjiran dan rawa campuran masingmasing 68 dan 45. Pola pengelolaan yang dapat disarankan untuk rawa tadah hujan diarahkan pada mempertahankan kekhasan ekosistem dengan pemanfaatan bagi sektor perikanan dengan kegiatan tambahannya adalah pertanian dan peternakan. Pada rawa banjiran diarahkan pada kegiatan pertanian dengan kegiatan lainnya adalah perikanan dan pertanian tergantung pada musim dan ketersediaan air, dan pada rawa campuran diarahkan pada peningkatan efisiensi pemanfaatan air dengan menyediakan lebung dan penyerasian pola tanam dengan daur banjir. Lebak swamp is a dynamic ecosystem, seasonally changed from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystem vice versa. Swamp functions were influenced by charateristic of hydrobiology, water quality, vegetation, wild animal, property right and utilization. The research conducted in lebak swamp of Pampangan Subdistrict, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra Province to know environmental characteristic as components to builtd management scheme of those swamp dealing with integrated system between ecology, economy and socio cultural. The characteristics of hydrobiology, ecology, utilization, sociocultural show that in research location, the swamp could be divided into three types,i.e., floodplain swamp, rain-fed swamp and mixed swamp. The result shows that relationship between internal and external factor with ecosystem services gave value of 104 for rain-fed swamp, while floodplain and mixed swamp were 68 and 45 respectively. Suggested management scheme for rain-fed swamp with high ecology score as more natural swamp ecosystem is a fishing area with additional utilization as agricultural land and animal husbandry. Floodplain swamp can manage for agricultural land with additional activity fisheries and animal husbandry depending on season and water table. The management for mixed swamp can suggested primarily on water conservation by preparing fish pool and planting pattern due to maintain water table for agriculture use during dry season.