A. Dzamic

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Illicium verum and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils

1) University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: simicana@bfbot.bg.ac.yu; 2) Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Bulevar Despota Stefana142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; 3) Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pancic”, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 220–221, March–April, 2009. Original article submitted July 18, 2007. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Origanum heracleoticum essential oil

16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: simicana@bfbot.bg.ac.yu; 2) Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic,” Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; 3) Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pancic,” Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 532-533, September-October, 2008. Original article submitted March 16, 2007.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Seseli rigidum flower essential oil

1) Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade,Serbia, e-mail: silvana@pharmacy.bg.ac.yu; 2) Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac“, Faculty of Biology,University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: simicana@bfbot.bg.ac.yu; 3) Institute for MedicinalPlant Research “Josif Pancic”, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: iplb@sezampro.yu; 4) Department ofMicrobiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail:marinama@pharmacy.bg.ac.yu; 5) Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research“Sinisa Stankovic“, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: mris@ibiss.bg.ac.yu. Published in KhimiyaPrirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 216–218, March–April, 2009. Original article submitted July 12, 2007.

Chemical Composition of Mangifera indica Essential Oil From Nigeria

Abstract The essential oil isolated from the leaves and fruit peels of Mangifera indica L. by hydrodistillation was analyzed by combined GC and GC/MS. The leaves of M. indica were rich in sesquiterpenes (70.3%), while fruit peel oil consisted of very high amount of monoterpenes (83.2%). The dominant compounds in mango leaf oil were δ-3-carene (20.5%), α-gurjunene (19.2%), β-selinene (13.9%) and β-caryophyllene (13.7%), while fruit peel oil yielded mainly δ-3-carene (58.2%) and α-pinene (13.0%).

Essential oil composition of Thymus longicaulis from Serbia

1) University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden «Jevremovac», Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, Fax: 381 11 3243603, e-mail: slgrujic@yahoo.com; 2) Institute for Medicinal Plant Research «Dr. Josif Pancic», Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, p. 225, March–April, 2009. Original article submitted July 20, 2007. ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF

Composition of the essential oil of Stachys germanica from Serbia

The genus Stachys L. comprises more than 270 species and is considered one of the largest genera of the Labiatae [1]. It is a subcosmopolitan genus centered in the warm temperate regions of the Mediterranean and SW Asia. Serbia is an area not very rich in Stachys representatives. In the flora of Serbia, 17 species are recognized [2]. Plants of this genus have long been used in folk medicine for the treatment of genital tumors, sclerosis of the spleen, inflammatory tumors, cough, and ulcers [3]. Teas prepared from the whole plant or leaves are used in phytotherapy. They posses sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic, and emmenagogue effects [4, 5]. In spite of the large species diversity of Stachys, the composition of essential oils is known in only a small number of species. Essential oils have been studied in different Stachys species [6–16]. As a part of a morphological, anatomical, and chemical research of genus Stachys in Serbian flora, we report the essential oil composition of S. germanica. Seventy-three compounds were identified in the essential oil of S. germanica, which represents 92.87% of the total oil, through their retention indexes and mass spectra obtained using GC/MS. The components with their percentage peak area are listed in Table 1. The main components were borneol (9.27%), bicyclogermacrene (8.97%), β-farnesene (5.70%), and spathulenol (4.60%). S. germanica oil contains monoterpene hydrocarbons (0.96%), oxygenated monoterpenes (14.07%), sesquiterpenes (34.23%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (24.89%). The essential oil of this species contains also aliphatic hydrocarbons (14.33%) and diterpenes (1.63%).

Essential oil composition of Centratherum punctatum from Nigeria

adegbolade@yahoo.com; 2) University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: simicana@bfbot.bg.ac.yu; 3) Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pancic”, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 102-103, January-February, 2009. Original article submitted July 11, 2007.

Essential oil composition of Anacardium occidentale from Nigeria

Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) is a multipurpose tree growing up to 8–10 m. It is native to the Amazon but is now dispersed in all tropical countries where it is cultivated [1]. The bark, fruit juice, and leaves of the tree are used medicinally, particularly in treating yaws and diarrhea, and the cashew nut has international appeal and market value as a food [1]. The fruit, apart from being delicious, is a richer source of vitamin C than oranges. The species is also esteemed as a reforestation species. Biological activities, including hypoglycemic [2], antimicrobial [3], molluscicidal [4], and leishmanial [5], has been reported for A. occidentale. The essential oil constituents of this plant growing in Brazil [6] and Malaysia [7] have also been investigated. The results of chemical analysis of the A. occidentale leaf essential oil are presented in Table 1. Sixty-five compounds, which represent 98.5% of total oil, were identified. The oil is composed mainly of monoterpenes (62.6%) and sesquiterpenes (31.1%). Non-terpenoid compounds account for 5.2% of the oil. Among the monoterpenes, the hydrocarbons are represented mainly by β-phellandrene (42.7%) and small amounts of α-pinene (4.3%), p-cymene (3.2%), trans-β-ocimene (3.1%), and α-phellandrene (2.0%) (Table 1). However, the content of oxygenated monoterpenes was smaller (4.8%), yielding α-terpineol (2.1%) as the main component. In the case of the sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (4.4%) and germacrene D (4.0%) were the major hydrocarbons, while spathulenol (1.6%) and globulol (1.0%) occurred as the major oxygenated compounds in the oil. Considering similar oils found elsewhere, (E)-β-ocimene, α-copaene, and δ-cadinene predominated in the Brazilian leaf oil [8], while the flower oil consisted of a higher content of β-caryophyllene and a significant amount of methyl salicylate and benzyl tiglate, which were not present in leaf oil. All these compounds found in the Brazilian oil were present in relatively small quantities in the oil from Nigerian sample. The dominant compounds in cashew fruits were non-terpenoid compounds such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and acids [6, 8, 9]. The monoterpene, trans-β-ocimene (76%), occurred as the chief constituent of Malaysian leaf oil [7] and may be responsible for the larvicidal and cytotoxicity activities reported for this plant. This compound was present in small proportion in the Nigerian leaf oil. Also, the predominant component of the Nigerian oil, β-phellandrene, was not detected in the oil from Malaysian samples. It is these three chemical varieties of A. occidentale leaf oil that are thus far recognized. Recently published results of the essential oil of A. occidentale leaf from Nigeria showed limonene as the dominant compound (85.9%) [10]. However, this compound was not detected in our sample.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil and Extracts from Heracleum sphondylium L.

Abstract The present study describes chemical composition of essential oil, total phenolic and flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and various extracts from Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae). The essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts was analyzed using combined GC and GC-MS. The dominant constituents in the oil were ar-curcumene (13.42%), β-sesquiphellandrene (11.91%) and β-bisabolene (10.11%). The total phenolic content in the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged between 38.04 to 110.15 mg GA (gallic acid)/g. The concentrations of flavonoids in the extracts varied from 27.57 to 82.54 mg Qu (quercetin)/g. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH reagent. Antioxidant activity ranged from 2.50 to 24.16 IC 50 (mg/ml) and from 1.16 to 3.13 mg VitC (vitamin C)/g when tested with the DPPH and ABTS reagents, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts was investigated using a micro-well dilution assay for the most common human gastrointestinal pathogenic microbial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and yeast Candida albicans. The results showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations of essential oil and extracts ranged from 1.56 mg/ml (for the most sensitive B. cereus) to above 50 mg/ml for S. enteritidis and E. coli. This finding suggests that H. sphondylium L. may be considered as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.