A. J. Rhodes

Cultivation of Lansing Poliomyelitis Virus in Tissue Culture. II. Utilization of Glucose in Synthetic Medium.

Summary 1. Lansing poliomyelitis virus proliferates in cultures of human embryonic brain and cord supplied with a synthetic nutrient medium. 2. The amount of glucose used by cultures that contain virus is significantly less than that used by uninoculated control cultures.

Cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in tissue culture. III. Synthetic medium in roller tube cultures.

Summary 1. The Brunhilde, Mahoney, Canadian Eskimo, Lansing, Y-SK, MEFl, Leon, and Saukett strains of poliomyelitis virus have been propagated in roller tube cultures of monkey testicular tissue treated with synthetic Mixture No. 199, devised by Morgan, Morton, and Parker. 2. Virus-induced cytopathogenic changes occurred in the fibroblasts and were similar to those observed in cultures treated with mixtures containing naturally occurring ingredients. 3. Virus and serum titrations in roller tube cultures were read 7 days after infection of the cultures; during this period no change of culture fluid was necessary. 4. The Brunhilde and Lansing strains were propagated in large roller tube cultures treated with Mixture 199, and high titers were obtained. 5. Culture fluids infected with Brunhilde and Lansing viruses from large roller tubes (mixed with adjuvants) were used to immunize groups of monkeys by the intramuscular route, and high serum antibody levels (4-0) developed promptly.

Studies on Passive Immunity in Poliomyelitis. V. Lansing Antibody Levels in Humans after Gamma Globulin Administration.

Summary 1. The sera of 51 children and over 300 adults were first tested for the presence of Lansing virus neutralizing antibody. 2. Of those whose serum contained no demonstrable antibody, 6 children and 4 adults were given gamma globulin intramuscularly in doses from 0.1 to 0.4 ml per pound body weight. 3. Blood was taken at frequent intervals for 6 weeks and tested for antibody. A small quantity of antibody was present in the serum, as shown by a protective effect of the undiluted sample in mice. This antibody was detected in some cases for a few weeks. 4. No antibody was found in the serum of the same 10 persons following the oral administration of gamma globulin.

Routine Titrations of Lansing Virus and Antibody in Mice Comparison of Methods of Estimating Endpoints.

Summary 1. Over a period of several months, routine titrations in mice were carried out by a single worker of a pool of Lansing virus, and of samples of plasma gamma globulin, placental gamma globulin, and immune monkey serum. Estimates of the ED50s and their standard errors were calculated for the individual titrations by the probit method. In addition ED50s were calculated by the Karber, Reed and Muench, and moving average methods. 2. The standard deviation of the titrations was found to be greater than the error of individual assays, suggesting that titrations carried out on different occasions vary more than those performed at the same time. 3. None of the methods mentioned gave widely different estimates of the ED50. In particular, the ED50s calculated by the Karber method compared very favourably with those obtained by the probit method. 4. The Karber method is proposed as a suitable alternative to the Reed and Muench procedure for the calculation of ED50 in routine titrations of virus and antiserum.

Passive Immunity In Poliomyelitis. IV. Protection of Rhesus Monkeys against Cerebral Challenge.

Summary 1. Lansing virus serum antibody titers in the range of 10-2.0 to 10-3.0 can be achieved in monkeys shortly after the administration of gamma globulin intramuscularly or intravenously. 2. Gamma globulin injected intravenously failed to protect a significant number of monkeys against an intramuscularly challenge of 160 PD50 of Lansing virus. 3. In 2 further experiments, the majority of monkeys receiving high titer immune monkey serum were protected against an intracerebral challenge of 50 and 100 PD50 of Lansing virus respectively. In one experiment only 4/16 test animals became paralyzed as compared to 18/19 controls. In the other experiment 3/18 test animals developed poliomyelitis as compared to all of 20 controls.

Passive Immunity in Poliomyelitis VI. Antibody Decline in Rhesus Monkeys Inoculated with Homologous Lansing Antiserum.

Summary 1. Serum antibody titers have been determined in a passive protection experiment in which rhesus monkeys were inoculated intramuscularly with Lansing antiserum prepared in rhesus monkeys; the monkeys were challenged thalamically with 50 PD50 of Lansing virus. 2. Four of these monkeys developed paralysis, and 9 remained clinically and histologically normal. 3. Average serum antibody titers in samples removed one week after inoculation were 10−1.87 in the paralyzed group, and 10−1.88 in the unaffected group. 4. By extrapolation, the initial antibody titer was estimated to be 10−2.1. The average titer 6 weeks after inoculation was 10−0.29. 5. The rate of decline of antiboyd in the 9 monkeys the survived the cerebral challenge was constant, the half-life being 6.8 days.

Poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos laboratory studies. IV. Antigenic typing of virus strains in monkeys and in tissue cultures.

Three strains of poliomyelitis virus isolated from Eskimos infected in the outbreak of poliomyelitis occurring at Chesterfield Inlet, N.W.T., in February 1949 have been typed. This typing has been ...

Passive Immunity in Poliomyelitis : II Lansing Antibody Content of Human Gamma Globulins.

Conclusions Both placental and plasma gamma globulins contain Lansing antibody. The 50% neutralizing titer of these products is approximately 10-3.5, as determined in mice. It would seem that a more potent gamma globulin could be obtained if prospective donors were first tested for serum Lansing antibody level. Then only those with high levels would be used to furnish plasma for the pools to be fractionated. Placental and plasma gamma globulins have a significant sparing effect when inoculated in mice 24 hours before a cerebral challenge of Lansing virus.