F. T. Shimada

Passive Immunity In Poliomyelitis. IV. Protection of Rhesus Monkeys against Cerebral Challenge.

Summary 1. Lansing virus serum antibody titers in the range of 10-2.0 to 10-3.0 can be achieved in monkeys shortly after the administration of gamma globulin intramuscularly or intravenously. 2. Gamma globulin injected intravenously failed to protect a significant number of monkeys against an intramuscularly challenge of 160 PD50 of Lansing virus. 3. In 2 further experiments, the majority of monkeys receiving high titer immune monkey serum were protected against an intracerebral challenge of 50 and 100 PD50 of Lansing virus respectively. In one experiment only 4/16 test animals became paralyzed as compared to 18/19 controls. In the other experiment 3/18 test animals developed poliomyelitis as compared to all of 20 controls.

Separation of SV40 from Poliovirus by Extraction with 1-Butanol

Summary Poliovirus and SV40 in tissue culture fluids are neither removed nor inactivated by extraction with diethyl ether, chloroform or fluorocarbon. However, similar treatment with 1-butanol removes large amounts of SV40 from aqueous suspensions. The infectious titer of poliovirus is practically unaffected by the same procedure. That the action of 1-butanol on SV40 is one of extraction into the solvent phase rather than virus inactivation has been demonstrated in two ways. First, an addition of 1-butanol sufficient to saturate the aqueous suspension did not reduce the infectious titer significantly. Second, the virus was recovered quantitatively from an emulsion of equal volumes of 1-butanol and virus fluid. However, when the aqueous and solvent phases were separated, the titer in the aqueous layer was reduced by at least 4 logs (base 10). Extraction of samples of rejected Sabin polio vaccine/high in adventitious SV4Q, with an equal volume of 1-butanol and subsequent Seitz filtration reduced the concentration of the contaminating virus to a very low level. The infectious titer of 11 viruses, other than polio and SV40, was reduced on extraction with 1-butanol. It has not been determined whether the effect on these viruses was due to inactivation or removal from the aqueous layer.

Passive Immunity in Poliomyelitis VI. Antibody Decline in Rhesus Monkeys Inoculated with Homologous Lansing Antiserum.

Summary 1. Serum antibody titers have been determined in a passive protection experiment in which rhesus monkeys were inoculated intramuscularly with Lansing antiserum prepared in rhesus monkeys; the monkeys were challenged thalamically with 50 PD50 of Lansing virus. 2. Four of these monkeys developed paralysis, and 9 remained clinically and histologically normal. 3. Average serum antibody titers in samples removed one week after inoculation were 10−1.87 in the paralyzed group, and 10−1.88 in the unaffected group. 4. By extrapolation, the initial antibody titer was estimated to be 10−2.1. The average titer 6 weeks after inoculation was 10−0.29. 5. The rate of decline of antiboyd in the 9 monkeys the survived the cerebral challenge was constant, the half-life being 6.8 days.

Poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos laboratory studies. IV. Antigenic typing of virus strains in monkeys and in tissue cultures.

Three strains of poliomyelitis virus isolated from Eskimos infected in the outbreak of poliomyelitis occurring at Chesterfield Inlet, N.W.T., in February 1949 have been typed. This typing has been ...