A. Saravanan

Computation of adsorption parameters for the removal of dye from wastewater by microwave assisted sawdust: Theoretical and experimental analysis

In this research, the microwave assistance has been employed for the preparation of novel material from agro/natural bio-waste i.e. sawdust, for the effective removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The characterization of the newly prepared microwave assisted sawdust (MASD) material was performed by using FTIR, SEM and XRD analyses. In order to obtain the maximum removal of MB dye from wastewater, the adsorption experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, solution pH and adsorbent dosage were optimized by trial and error approach. The obtained experimental results were applied to the different theoretical models to predict the system behaviour. The optimum conditions for the maximum removal MB dye from aqueous solution for an initial MB dye concentration of 25mg/L was calculated as: adsorbent dose of 3g/L, contact time of 90min, solution pH of 7.0 and at the temperature of 30°C. Freundlich and pseudo-second order models was best obeyed with the studied experimental data. Langmuir maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MASD for MB dye removal was calculated as 58.14mg of MB dye/g of MASD. Adsorption diffusion model stated that the present adsorption system was controlled by intraparticle diffusion model. The obtained results proposed that, novel MASD was considered to be an effective and low-cost adsorbent material for the removal of dye from wastewater.

Removal of toxic zinc from water/wastewater using eucalyptus seeds activated carbon: non-linear regression analysis.

In the present study, a novel activated carbon was prepared from low-cost eucalyptus seeds, which was utilised for the effectively removal of toxic zinc from the water/wastewater. The prepared adsorbent was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic characterisation studies. Adsorption process was experimentally performed for optimising the influencing factors such as adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time, initial zinc concentration, and temperature for the maximum removal of zinc from aqueous solution. Adsorption isotherm of zinc removal was ensued Freundlich model, and the kinetic model ensued pseudo-second order model. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for zinc removal was evaluated as 80.37 mg/g. The results of the thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process was exothermic, thermodynamically feasible and impulsive process. Finally, a batch adsorber was planned to remove zinc from known volume and known concentration of wastewater using best obeyed model such as Freundlich. The experimental details showed the newly prepared material can be effectively utilised as a cheap material for the adsorption of toxic metal ions from the contaminated water.

Enhanced Adsorption Capacity of Biomass through Ultrasonication for the Removal of Toxic Cadmium Ions from Aquatic System: Temperature Influence on Isotherms and Kinetics

AbstractIn this research, a novel activated biomass was prepared from Caryota urens based on sulphuric acid treatment (surface-modified Caryota urens seeds, SMCUS) followed by ultrasonication (ultr...

Isolation and identification of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from prawn (Penaeus monodon) seafood: Preservation strategies.

Bacterial diseases are one of the major problems which affects the production, development and expansion of aqua culture. Vibrio sp. are widespread in marine and estuarine environments. The several pathogenic species are commonly associated with outbreaks of Vibrio species and it is mainly associated with food poisonings. In this research, the occurrence of Vibrio sp. was studied by the isolation and it is confirmed by the biochemical methods. The growth rate was studied by changing the different operating parameters. Isolation studies were done by using enrichment and selective plating methods. The different biochemical test was carried out and inferred that the isolated organisms were Vibrio choleraee and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antibiotic study was also performed to find out the resistant and sensitivity of the Vibrio species. From the results, it was observed that this can be able to correlate the growth of vibrio species to a limited condition and other environmental parameters for which it will be able to find the remedial measures to prevent the growth and spreading of the diseases. Also the different preservation method was carried out to suppress the growth rate of Vibrio sp.

Sustainable wastewater treatments in textile sector

Abstract This chapter focuses on the terminology and traditional treatment of textile wastewater concepts. Textile wastewater (TWW) is one of the most important hazardous wastewaters for ecosystems when it is discharged directly into water streams without proper treatment. The textile industry usually consumes a large amount of water and generates an enormous amount of wastewater which contains many types of pathogens, oxygen-demanding substances and inorganic and synthetic organic chemicals. Effluent guidelines and laws for wastewater treatment plants have been enacted by several protection agencies across the world, based on performance and control technologies. Toxic effluent discharged from various textile industries undergoes several physiochemical processes. Treatment for TWW can be mainly classified into three steps: primary, secondary and tertiary. Conventional treatment methods such as adsorption, coagulation, membrane separation, flotation, ozonation, ion exchange, evaporation and crystallization have been commonly employed for the treatment of TWW. Advanced wastewater treatment can effectively recover water from textile effluents and possibly reuse it in the production process. AWT technologies encourage the design of processes that diminish the spreading and generation of hazardous substances in an aqueous environment. Implementation of suitable AWT processes in textile industries is discussed in a separate section.

Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review

Pharmaceutical compounds and their derivatives are major pollutants in the environment, as their metabolites affect the terrestrial as well as aquatic organisms in one or another way. In recent times, many papers have discussed the treatment procedures for single pharmaceutical and mixture of pharmaceutical components, but only few papers have discussed the fate and the exposure of pharmaceutical contaminants in our environment. In this paper, we discuss the sources and the forms of pharmaceutical products and their resultant in the environment and their addition to the microbial and to human communities. A detailed discussion of various treatment techniques from conventional to current techniques, their advantages and disadvantages is given here. Researchers are finding the techniques in order to completely degrade the contaminants and their transformed products from the environment. Among the technique, s nanotechnology was found to be an efficient technique, and the combination of nanotechnology with other conventional technologies gives higher removal efficiency.

New Analytical Approaches for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Using Graphene Based Materials

Recently, water pollution is the serious environmental threat throughout the world. Water environment can be polluted by several ways. Amongst that, pharmaceutical industry wastewater assumes a noteworthy part, which varies colossally in flow and composition, contingent upon variables, for example, production rate, the particular preparation being completed, which activities are producing the waste water, etc. Every one of these factors imply that the contamination of the last emanating can be exceptionally various and variable after some time. In perspective of the shortage of water assets, it is important to comprehend and create methodologies for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater as a feature of water administration. The arrival of graphene and grapheme based materials in water appears an inescapable outcome of the monstrous future utilization of these carbonaceous allotropes. From a natural designing perspective, it ought to be noticed that piece of the watery streams containing these nanomaterials will wind up in wastewater treatment plants, and there will be cooperation between the nanomaterials, other toxins in the sewage, which could influence the viability of the depuration procedure.

Modeling and analysis of a packed-bed column for the effective removal of zinc from aqueous solution using dual surface-modified biomass

ABSTRACT In this research, ultrasonic-assisted fishtail palm Caryota urens seeds (UACUS) have been prepared for the effective removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution in packed-bed column studies. The effect of various operating parameters such as bed depth, initial Zn(II) ions concentration and flow rate on breakthrough curves has been investigated. The dynamic response for the adsorption of Zn(II) ions onto UACUS was described in terms of the breakthrough curves. The results demonstrated that the maximum removal of Zn(II) ions was attained at a low flow rate, influent concentration and high bed depth. The results showed that breakthrough time and exhaustion time were increased with increase of bed height and decreased with increase of flow rate and initial Zn(II) ion concentration. The experimental column data were fitted with different mathematical models, namely Adams–Bohart, Yoon–Nelson and bed depth service time (BDST) models. Amongst the models, the BDST model agreed well with the experimental data. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The experimental results concluded that the prepared UACUS can be utilized as a potential and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Zn(II) ions from the contaminated liquid.

Sustainability in Wastewater Treatment in Textiles Sector

Wastewater is a noteworthy natural hindrance for the development of the textile industry other than the significant issues like ecological contamination. Wastewater treatment, recycle, and reuse have now turned out to be critical interchange wellsprings of water supply. Wastewater is utilized water from local, business, mechanical, and farming exercises. In this chapter, distinctive treatment techniques to treat the wastewater have been discussed. Treating wastewater requires a thorough arranging, plan, development, and administration of treatment offices to guarantee that the treated water is all right for human utilization and for release to the earth. The potential treatments incorporate primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment utilizing physical, chemical and biological processes. The economic pointers chose were assets, process and administration, and client expenditure since they decide the financial moderateness of a specific innovation to a group. Ecological markers incorporate vitality utilize, in light of the fact that it in a roundabout way measures asset usage and execution of the innovation in expelling traditional wastewater constituents. Low-cost by-products from agricultural, industrial and household parts has been perceived as a reasonable answer for wastewater treatment. They permit accomplishing the expulsion of poisons from wastewater and at same time to add to the waste minimization, recuperation and reuse.

Sustainable Waste Water Treatment Technologies

Nowadays, the environmental problems associated with residual colour in industrial effluents have posed a serious threat to many environmental scientists. The effluents from the industries have liberated wide variety of pollutants which can directly introduce into the natural water sources. The industrial sector usually consumes enormous amount of water for manufacturing the sportswear, fashion and luxury brands of clothes. In that, several hazardous chemicals were added for colouring and designing purposes which contains many organic and inorganic substances, ammonia, infectious microorganisms, detergents, heavy metals, pesticides and household cleaning aids. These water pollutants are toxic to fish and other aquatic lives and it is also harmful to humans. So, there is a need for removal of toxic pollutants from the industrial effluents. The methods for controlling the water pollution can be majorly classified into three steps: (i) Primary (screening, sedimentation, homogenization, neutralization, mechanical flocculation, chemical coagulation) (ii) Secondary (aerobic and anaerobic treatment, aerated lagoons, activated sludge process, trickling filtration, oxidation ditch and pond) and (iii) Tertiary (membrane technologies, adsorption, oxidation technique, coagulation and flocculation, electrochemical processes, ion exchange method, crystallization, Evaporation). This chapter describes a critical review of the current literature available on various wastewater decolourization techniques being applied to remove the hazardous chemicals from industrial wastewater.