A. Wendland

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de feijoeiro-comum com grãos tipo carioca na Região Central do Brasil

The aim of this work was to test different methods to identify carioca grain type common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes with high adaptability and yield stability for central Brazil. Forty five production trials were carried out with 16 genotypes, in randomized complete block designs with three replications, in the states Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, and the Distrito Federal, in 2003 and 2004. The grain yield data were submitted to analysis of variance and to analysis of stability and adaptability using the methods of Lin & Binns (modified by Carneiro), Annichiarico, Eberhart & Russell, Cruz et al., and AMMI. The Lin & Binns (modified by Carneiro) and Annichiaricos methods were very useful to the common beans genetic breeding program, because of their easiness of use in separating favorable and unfavorable environments and their identification of stable genotypes among the most productive ones. The cultivar BRS Estilo combined high adaptability, stability, and grain yield in central Brazil. The cultivar Perola, widely utilized in Brazil, also had good stability and adaptability in this region.

Comparação de métodos de análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica em feijoeiro-comum

The objective of this work was to compare methods for studying phenotypic adaptability and stability in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Grain yield evaluations were carried out in 71 trials with 16 common bean genotypes, and using six methods. The association among the methods was determined by Spearman correlation. Cruz and Eberhart & Russel methods were highly correlated. Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modified and Annicchiarico methods were also highly correlated. Intermediate correlations were observed between Eberhart & Russel and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) methods. The joint utilization of highly correlated methods is not recommended. Therefore, only one of the methods among Eberhart & Russel, Cruz and AMMI should be used in association with Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modified or Annicchiarico, since there was no correlation among methods of these two groups. Lin & Binns and Annicchiarico methods are indicated for isolated utilization, because they are simple to use and allow the classification of environments in favorable and unfavorable, and the identification of the most adapted and stable genotypes among the most productive ones.

Complex interaction between genotypes and growing seasons of carioca common bean in Goiás/Distrito Federal

The objectives of this study were to assess the importance of the complex interaction between common bean genotypes and growing seasons in the state of Goias and the Distrito Federal and verify the need for evaluation and indication of cultivars for each season. Yield data of 16 genotypes in 16 trials conducted in two growing seasons (winter and rainy) were used. The coefficient of determination was estimated in the analyses of variance with decomposition of the genotype x environment interaction. The complex percentage of the interaction was estimated and the Spearman correlation between seasons. Differences were detected between seasons and presence of genotype - season (GS) interaction, with greater significance than the other double interactions with genotypes. The correlations indicated a predominantly complex GS interaction. This predominantly complex nature of the GS interaction calls for an assessment of the genotypes in both seasons, which may however identify cultivars with general adaptation.

Indicação de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum baseada na avaliação conjunta de diferentes épocas de semeadura

The objectives of this work were to verify the genotype x growing seasons interaction in common beans, to evaluate the importance of the complex interaction and to verify the need to indicate cultivars for each growing season, in a region of intermediate altitude of Parana and Santa Catarina states, Brazil. Grain yield data of 16 genotypes in 12 trials carried out in two growing seasons were used. Variance analysis was performed with the decomposition of genotype x environments interaction. The percentage of complex interaction was estimated between pairs of environments and also by the Spearman correlations between the growing seasons, using genotypes grain yield means and stability parameters obtained from Annicchiaricos methodology. Differences among growing seasons and genotype x growing seasons interaction were detected; however, with lower importance than others double interactions with genotypes. The Spearman correlations between growing seasons showed that genotype x growing seasons interaction is predominantly simple. The complex percentage mean of genotypes x growing seasons interaction between pairs of environments showed that the alteration of classification is the same between pairs of a same growing season or between pairs of different growing seasons. It is not necessary to indicate common beans cultivars to each growing season, in the studied region.

Influência do ambiente em cultivares de feijoeiro-comum em cerrado com baixa altitude

The goal of this work was to identify common bean genotypes with high yield adaptability and stability and verify the occur- rence of the interaction genotype-environment (GxE) for important economic traits in some regions of Brazilian savannah with low altitude in the state of Mato Grosso. Twelve trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the dry and winter seasons of 2008 and 2009. Each trial was composed by 19 genotypes from six dif- ferent grain types. Data of grain yield, angular leaf spot reaction, crop cycle, tolerance to lodging, and weight of 100 grains were used for analysis of variance. Grain yield data were also used for stability and adaptability analysis according to the methodology proposed by Annichiarico. GxE interactions were observed for all evaluated traits. Correlation between geno- type yields in the two growing seasons was intermediate (0.48, p<0.0375) showing that genotype performance in these two growing seasons was fairly coincident. The carioca-type cultivar BRS Estilo and the black seeded cultivars BRS Esplendor and BRS Campeiro combine high adaptability, stability, and grain yield in the dry and winter growing seasons of some Brazilian savannah regions with low altitude in the state of Mato Grosso.

Microbial biomass and enzyme activity of a Cerrado Oxisol under agroecological production system

Aiming to evaluate the effects of soil management and cover crops on microbial indicators of soil quality, an experiment was carried out under field conditions in which common bean and corn were cropped under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) after sunnhemp, velvet bean, pigeon pea, jack bean, sorghum and fallow (weeds). The basal soil respiration (BSR), C and N of the microbial biomass (C mic and N mic ), metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), total enzymatic activity (TEA), β-glycosidase (β-GA) activity and acid phosphatase activity (APA) were evaluated in samples collected in 0-0.10 m depth. C mic , qCO 2 , TEA, β-GA and APA were more sensitive in determining the effects caused by tillage and cover crops. Although the cover crops had not provided a remarkably influence on the studied indicators, in general, the highest values of C mic , N mic , BSR, TEA, β-GA and APA and the lowest values of qCO 2 were observed under NT compared to CT. C mic and TEA values were 35% and 13% higher under NT when compared to CT, respectively. In addition, NT showed values closer to those found under “Cerrado” area for the studied parameters, indicating a greater sustainability under this soil management system compared to CT management.

BRS Estilo: common bean cultivar with Carioca grain, upright growth and high yield potential

BRS Estilo is a new common bean cultivar with Carioca grain, suitable for cultivation in 12 states in the five macro- regions of Brazil. With a mean yield of 2,134 kg ha-1 it exceeds the control by 6.3 %, has a high yield potential (4011okg ha-1), upright growth and is resistant to lodging and anthracnose.

BRS Esplendor Common bean cultivar with black grain, upright growth and disease resistance

BRS Esplendor is a common bean cultivar with black grain, suitable for 12 Brazilian states. The mean productivity is 2,156 kg ha-1, by 7.5 % higher than of controls, has a high yield potential (4,120 kg ha-1), upright growth, high tolerance to lodging and high resistance to anthracnose, fusarium wilt and common bacterial blight.

BRS Notável: a medium-early-maturing, disease-resistant Carioca common bean cultivar with high yield potential

BRS Notavel is a common bean cultivar with carioca grain, suitable for cultivation in 20 Brazilian states. It is a medium- early-maturing cultivar, with an average yield of 2,261 kg ha -1 , 8.5% higher than the controls, a high yield potential (4,472 kg ha -1 ),

Estratificação ambiental na avaliação de genótipos de feijoeiro-comum tipo Carioca em Goiás e no Distrito Federal

The objective of this study was to perform the environmental stratification in the states of Goias and Distrito Federal for grain yield evaluation of Carioca common bean genotypes, and to compare the efficiency of different methods of environmental stratification. Twenty-five trials were carried out in a randomized block design with three replications, both in the rainy and in the winter sowing seasons, in 2003 and 2004. The trials were composed of 16 genotypes with Carioca grain type. The environmental stratification was performed through four methodologies: traditional Lin; Cruz & Castoldis estimate of the simple percentage of the genotypes by location interactions; estimate of Pearsons correlation for pairs of locals; and the Wrickes ecovalence method. Locations identified as similar by at least three of the methodologies were considered poor-informative, and they were the following Goias state municipalities: Anapolis, Santo Antonio de Goias, Goiatuba and Urutai, in the rainy/2003, rainy/2004, winter/2003 and winter/2004 growing seasons, respectively. None of the locations was identified as poor-informative in at least two seasons and, therefore, none of them was eliminated from the evaluation network of Carioca common bean genotypes. The locations used in all growing seasons (Rio Verde, GO, and Planaltina, DF) were not identified as poor-informative in none of them and, therefore, they were indicated for evaluation of Carioca common bean genotypes. The methods of Lin and Wricke were the most indicated to identify poor-informative locations