Leonardo Cunha Melo

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de feijoeiro-comum com grãos tipo carioca na Região Central do Brasil

The aim of this work was to test different methods to identify carioca grain type common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes with high adaptability and yield stability for central Brazil. Forty five production trials were carried out with 16 genotypes, in randomized complete block designs with three replications, in the states Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, and the Distrito Federal, in 2003 and 2004. The grain yield data were submitted to analysis of variance and to analysis of stability and adaptability using the methods of Lin & Binns (modified by Carneiro), Annichiarico, Eberhart & Russell, Cruz et al., and AMMI. The Lin & Binns (modified by Carneiro) and Annichiaricos methods were very useful to the common beans genetic breeding program, because of their easiness of use in separating favorable and unfavorable environments and their identification of stable genotypes among the most productive ones. The cultivar BRS Estilo combined high adaptability, stability, and grain yield in central Brazil. The cultivar Perola, widely utilized in Brazil, also had good stability and adaptability in this region.

The characterization of a new set of EST-derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers as a resource for the genetic analysis of Phaseolus vulgaris

BackgroundOver recent years, a growing effort has been made to develop microsatellite markers for the genomic analysis of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to broaden the knowledge of the molecular genetic basis of this species. The availability of large sets of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in public databases has given rise to an expedient approach for the identification of SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats), specifically EST-derived SSRs. In the present work, a battery of new microsatellite markers was obtained from a search of the Phaseolus vulgaris EST database. The diversity, degree of transferability and polymorphism of these markers were tested.ResultsFrom 9,583 valid ESTs, 4,764 had microsatellite motifs, from which 377 were used to design primers, and 302 (80.11%) showed good amplification quality. To analyze transferability, a group of 167 SSRs were tested, and the results showed that they were 82% transferable across at least one species. The highest amplification rates were observed between the species from the Phaseolus (63.7%), Vigna (25.9%), Glycine (19.8%), Medicago (10.2%), Dipterix (6%) and Arachis (1.8%) genera. The average PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) varied from 0.53 for genomic SSRs to 0.47 for EST-SSRs, and the average number of alleles per locus was 4 and 3, respectively. Among the 315 newly tested SSRs in the BJ (BAT93 X Jalo EEP558) population, 24% (76) were polymorphic. The integration of these segregant loci into a framework map composed of 123 previously obtained SSR markers yielded a total of 199 segregant loci, of which 182 (91.5%) were mapped to 14 linkage groups, resulting in a map length of 1,157 cM.ConclusionsA total of 302 newly developed EST-SSR markers, showing good amplification quality, are available for the genetic analysis of Phaseolus vulgaris. These markers showed satisfactory rates of transferability, especially between species that have great economic and genomic values. Their diversity was comparable to genomic SSRs, and they were incorporated in the common bean reference genetic map, which constitutes an important contribution to and advance in Phaseolus vulgaris genomic research.

Comparação de métodos de análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica em feijoeiro-comum

The objective of this work was to compare methods for studying phenotypic adaptability and stability in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Grain yield evaluations were carried out in 71 trials with 16 common bean genotypes, and using six methods. The association among the methods was determined by Spearman correlation. Cruz and Eberhart & Russel methods were highly correlated. Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modified and Annicchiarico methods were also highly correlated. Intermediate correlations were observed between Eberhart & Russel and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) methods. The joint utilization of highly correlated methods is not recommended. Therefore, only one of the methods among Eberhart & Russel, Cruz and AMMI should be used in association with Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modified or Annicchiarico, since there was no correlation among methods of these two groups. Lin & Binns and Annicchiarico methods are indicated for isolated utilization, because they are simple to use and allow the classification of environments in favorable and unfavorable, and the identification of the most adapted and stable genotypes among the most productive ones.

Complex interaction between genotypes and growing seasons of carioca common bean in Goiás/Distrito Federal

The objectives of this study were to assess the importance of the complex interaction between common bean genotypes and growing seasons in the state of Goias and the Distrito Federal and verify the need for evaluation and indication of cultivars for each season. Yield data of 16 genotypes in 16 trials conducted in two growing seasons (winter and rainy) were used. The coefficient of determination was estimated in the analyses of variance with decomposition of the genotype x environment interaction. The complex percentage of the interaction was estimated and the Spearman correlation between seasons. Differences were detected between seasons and presence of genotype - season (GS) interaction, with greater significance than the other double interactions with genotypes. The correlations indicated a predominantly complex GS interaction. This predominantly complex nature of the GS interaction calls for an assessment of the genotypes in both seasons, which may however identify cultivars with general adaptation.

Indicação de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum baseada na avaliação conjunta de diferentes épocas de semeadura

The objectives of this work were to verify the genotype x growing seasons interaction in common beans, to evaluate the importance of the complex interaction and to verify the need to indicate cultivars for each growing season, in a region of intermediate altitude of Parana and Santa Catarina states, Brazil. Grain yield data of 16 genotypes in 12 trials carried out in two growing seasons were used. Variance analysis was performed with the decomposition of genotype x environments interaction. The percentage of complex interaction was estimated between pairs of environments and also by the Spearman correlations between the growing seasons, using genotypes grain yield means and stability parameters obtained from Annicchiaricos methodology. Differences among growing seasons and genotype x growing seasons interaction were detected; however, with lower importance than others double interactions with genotypes. The Spearman correlations between growing seasons showed that genotype x growing seasons interaction is predominantly simple. The complex percentage mean of genotypes x growing seasons interaction between pairs of environments showed that the alteration of classification is the same between pairs of a same growing season or between pairs of different growing seasons. It is not necessary to indicate common beans cultivars to each growing season, in the studied region.

Influência do ambiente em cultivares de feijoeiro-comum em cerrado com baixa altitude

The goal of this work was to identify common bean genotypes with high yield adaptability and stability and verify the occur- rence of the interaction genotype-environment (GxE) for important economic traits in some regions of Brazilian savannah with low altitude in the state of Mato Grosso. Twelve trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the dry and winter seasons of 2008 and 2009. Each trial was composed by 19 genotypes from six dif- ferent grain types. Data of grain yield, angular leaf spot reaction, crop cycle, tolerance to lodging, and weight of 100 grains were used for analysis of variance. Grain yield data were also used for stability and adaptability analysis according to the methodology proposed by Annichiarico. GxE interactions were observed for all evaluated traits. Correlation between geno- type yields in the two growing seasons was intermediate (0.48, p<0.0375) showing that genotype performance in these two growing seasons was fairly coincident. The carioca-type cultivar BRS Estilo and the black seeded cultivars BRS Esplendor and BRS Campeiro combine high adaptability, stability, and grain yield in the dry and winter growing seasons of some Brazilian savannah regions with low altitude in the state of Mato Grosso.

BRS Estilo: common bean cultivar with Carioca grain, upright growth and high yield potential

BRS Estilo is a new common bean cultivar with Carioca grain, suitable for cultivation in 12 states in the five macro- regions of Brazil. With a mean yield of 2,134 kg ha-1 it exceeds the control by 6.3 %, has a high yield potential (4011okg ha-1), upright growth and is resistant to lodging and anthracnose.

BRSMG Madrepérola: common bean cultivar with late-darkening Carioca grain

The cultivar BRSMG Madreperola, recommended for cultivation in Minas Gerais, has the feature of maintaining a light grain color for a longer period than other Carioca grain cultivars. The yield potential is high and the resistance level good to the major anthracnose races in the region.

Desempenho de famílias e híbridos comerciais de tomateiro para processamento industrial com irrigação por gotejamento

Tomato families originated from the processing tomato breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Uberlandia were evaluated and selected and compared to the performance with the most planted hybrids in Patos de Minas, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the E. E. Barreiro, Unilever Bestfoods, in Patos de Minas. Thirty tomato families and the hybrids Heinz 9553, Heinz 7155N2 and Hypeel 108 were used. Experimental plots consisted of two lines, each one 10 m long, spaced 0,5 m from each other and irrigated with drip irrigation. The space between each double row was 1,3 m and the population of 27 thousand plants per hectare. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with four repetitions, installed on 05/19/01. The paste yield showed positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with total fruit yield, commercial fruit yield, percentage of total soluble solids, juice coloration, number of mature fruits per plant and pH and negative correlation with the total titled acidity. Best results were observed in the family UFU 06 and in the commercial hybrids.

BRS Esplendor Common bean cultivar with black grain, upright growth and disease resistance

BRS Esplendor is a common bean cultivar with black grain, suitable for 12 Brazilian states. The mean productivity is 2,156 kg ha-1, by 7.5 % higher than of controls, has a high yield potential (4,120 kg ha-1), upright growth, high tolerance to lodging and high resistance to anthracnose, fusarium wilt and common bacterial blight.