A. Zidi

Imaging of thoracic textiloma

OBJECTIVE Intrathoracic textiloma or gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge in the thoracic cavity, is an exceptional but serious complication following thoracic or abdominal surgery. The purpose of this work is to highlight the topographic features of thoracic textiloma and to describe imaging aspects, and, particularly, computed tomography (CT) features. METHODS Eight patients have been operated in our thoracic surgery department for thoracic gossypiboma. In the past, three patients had undergone hepatic surgery and the five others had a history of thoracic surgery. All the patients had a chest radiograph, five of them had a thoracic ultrasonography, all had a chest CT, and one patient had a chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS In patients with a history of abdominal surgery, the foreign body was located in the parenchyma of the right lower lobe. In the other patients, the foreign body was either intrapleural or mediastinal. Ultrasonography suggested the diagnosis of textiloma in three of the five patients by demonstrating a non-calcified hyperechoic mass with acoustic shadow. At CT, the gossypiboma was a low-attenuating mass containing trapped gas lucencies in six patients and it was a high-attenuating mass in two patients. MRI showed a diaphragmatic defect in one patient with an intrapulmonary gossypiboma that migrated from the abdomen. CONCLUSIONS The CT aspect of thoracic gossypiboma may be different according to pleural or parenchymal location. The spongiform appearance, characteristic in abdominal gossypiboma, is not the only CT presentation of thoracic gossypiboma. The confrontation of the surgical history with the CT signs helps to have a preoperative diagnosis.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica presenting as a respiratory insufficiency: diagnosis by bronchoscopy and MRI

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disorder affecting the trachea and occasionally the bronchi. We report a case of TO presenting as a respiratory insufficiency. Chest radiograph revealed an irregular narrowing of the intra thoracic trachea and a parenchymal consolidation of the left lower lobe. Magnetic resonance examination of the chest showed a diffuse irregular thickening of the trachea and central bronchi, which had an intermediate signal intensity with punctiform low signal intensity suggesting calcifications and no contrast enhancement. The diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoscopy and biopsies.

Kyste hydatique du poumon ouvert dans les bronches : apport de la tomodensitometrie

Resume But Rapporter les differents aspects tomodensitometriques du kyste hydatique pulmonaire ouvert dans les bronches et etablir une stadification tomodensitometrique. Patients et methodes Nous avons relu retrospectivement les examens TDM de 41 patients porteurs de KHP complique d’ouverture dans les bronches. En se basant sur la classification de D.B. Lewall et S.J. Mc Corkell, les donnees de notre serie et les cas publies, nous avons propose une stadification TDM detaillee, chaque stade correspondant a une etape de l’evolution naturelle du KHP complique. La « rupture communicante » de DB Lewall et SJ Mc Corkell traduit une rupture de l’endokyste et du perikyste avec etablissement d’une communication entre le kyste et la lumiere des bronches. Elle regroupe plusieurs stades qui se succedent dans le temps : – stade I : Aspect en « bague a chaton » ; – stade II : Aspects de « croissant » et de « croissant inverse » ; – stade III : Aspects de « clartes piegees » et « en nid d’abeille » ; – stade IV : Aspects hydro-aeriques : « en double arc », « du nenuphar », « serpigineux », « niveau hydro-aerique » regulier ; – stade V : Aspect de retention seche: « en pelote de laine », « en grelot », « pseudotumoral » ; – stade VI : Aspects sequellaires: Cavite aerique et image cicatricielle. Resultats 73 KHP compliques d’ouverture dans les bronches ont ete inclus dans notre analyse. IB sont repartis de la facon suivante. stade I : (16 %), stade II : (12,7 %), stade III : (42,8 %), stade IV : Aspect « en double arc » (2,7 %), signe du « nenuphar » (10 %), aspect « serpigineux » (8,2%), aspect de « niveau hydro-aerique » regulier (5,4 %), stade V : Aspect « en pelote de laine » (6,8 %), image « en grelot » (15 %), aspect « pseudotumoral » (4 %), stade VI : Cavite aerique (4 %) et image cicatricielle (2,7 %). Conclusion La stadification que nous proposons detaille la classification generale de DB Lewall et S. J Mc Corkell. Elle tient compte d’une part de l’evolution naturelle du kyste hydatique, et d’autre part de la particularite de la localisation pulmonaire.

Aspects tomodensitométriques de la tuberculose broncho-pulmonaire pseudotumorale

Resume La tuberculose bronchopulmonaire pseudotumorale est une entite radiologique rare. La malignite est evoquee soit sur l’aspect radiologique devant une lesion focale parenchymateuse d’allure tumorale soit par la presence a l’endoscopie d’un bourgeon ou d’une infiltration bronchique. Cette suspicion de malignite peut parfois pousser l’escalade des explorations jusqu’a la thoracotomie. Le recours a la tomodensitometrie permet de mieux caracteriser les lesions parenchymateuses et de preciser les signes associes. A travers l’analyse de 25 cas de tuberculose pseudo-tumorale explores par tomodensitometrie, nous illustrons les differents aspects de cette maladie en precisant les difficultes diagnostiques qui peuvent etre rencontrees.

Imagerie des tumeurs myofibroblastiques inflammatoires du poumon

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the lung: Imaging features Inflammatory myofibroblstic tumors are ubiquitous but most frequently affect the lung. The imaging features are non-specific but the diagnosis may be suggested in the presence of solitary pulmonary nodule or mass in children or young adults. The tumor may appear locally and regionally aggressive suggesting malignancy. Diagnostic confirmation is obtained from histological evaluation of the surgical specimen. Treatment is surgical with oncologic surgical resection.

Imagerie des tumeurs carcinoïdes bronchiques: Vingt cas

Resume But Rapporter les aspects radiologiques et evaluer l’apport de la tomodensitometrie dans le diagnostic et le bilan d’extension des tumeurs carcinoides bronchiques. Materiel et methodes Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective de 20 patients porteurs d’une tumeur carcinoide bronchique ayant fait l’objet d’une intervention chirurgicale. L’exploration thoracique de tous nos patients a comporte une radiographie du thorax, une fibroscopie bronchique, et un examen tomodensitometrique (TDM) thoracique. Une imagerie par resonance magnetique (IRM) thoracique a ete realisee chez 2 patients et une echographie abdominale dans le cadre du bilan d’extension chez tous les patients. Resultats Il s’agissait de 11 femmes et 9 hommes. L’âge moyen etait de 40 ans (extremes : 21-71 ans). Les signes radiologiques standards etaient non specifiques avec des atelectasies (75 %), une opacite parenchymateuse isolee (15 %). La TDM a objective, dans 85 % des cas, une masse proximale, qui etait obstructive avec trouble ventilatoire d’aval dans 80 % des cas. La TDM a egalement visualise un trouble ventilatoire secondaire a une obstruction bronchique sans masse individualisable dans un cas (5 %), une masse parenchymateuse isolee dans 2 cas (10 %), et un bourgeon endo-bronchique interessant la bronche souche droite sans trouble ventilatoire d’aval dans un cas (5 %). Des calcifications tumorales ont ete detectees dans 30 % des cas. Les tumeurs etaient reparties histologiquement en 17 carcinoides typiques et 3 atypiques. Celles-ci differaient par leur taille, leur extension locoregionale et a distance. Conclusion La TDM est indispensable pour le diagnostic positif topographique et dans le bilan d’extension pre-therapeutique des tumeurs carcinoides bronchiques. Son apport principal par rapport a celui de la fibroscopie est de montrer leur eventuel developpement exo-bronchique, et les complications pulmonaires d’aval.PURPOSE Report radiographic aspects and assess the contribution of computed tomography for the diagnosis and search for extension of bronchial carcinoid tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 20 patients with a bronchial carcinoid tumor. The thoracic exploration included standard chest x-ray, bronchial fibroscopy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two patients as well as abdominal ultrasonography to search for extension, performed in all patients. RESULTS This series included eleven females and nine males, mean age 40 years (age range 21-71 years). Signs on the plain chest x-ray were non-specific: atelectasis (75%), isolated parenchymatous opacity (15%); CT revealed a proximal mass in 85% which was obstructive leading to ventilatory disorders in 80%. CT revealed secondary ventilatory disorders with no individualized mass in one patients (5%), an isolated parenchymatous mass in two (10%) and a endobronchial budding at the origin of the right bronchus with no noted ventilatory disorder in one patient (5%) Tumor calcifications were detected in 30% of patients. Histological there were 17 typical carcinoid tumors and three atypical tumors which were different by their size, locoregional and distant metastatic spread. CONCLUSION CT is indispensable for positive diagnosis, and topographic localization of extension of bronchial carcinoid tumors. The main contribution of CT compared with fibroscopy is to demonstrate exobronchial tumor development and upstream pulmonary complications.

Une tumeur trachéale traitée comme un asthme

Primary tumors of the trachea are very rare. In adults, the majority of them are malignant. Schwannomas are exceedingly rare benign tumors in the tracheobronchial tree. We report a case of a 37-year-old man who was hospitalized for increasing dyspnea. He had been treated for bronchial asthma for the last 4 years with no benefit. The CT scan of the chest and bronchoscopy identified a tracheal mass that was prolapsed in the left stem bronchus. The patient did not remain free of disease after endoscopic laser resection. So, surgical resection was made. The tumor was excised at its base. A segment of the left stem bronchus was removed and primary anastomosis was performed. The histopathologic diagnosis was of a benign schwannoma without malignant elements. There was no recurrence during the follow-up period. This case demonstrates that intratracheal masses should be considered in patients with dyspnea or in patients with asthma refractory to conventional therapy.

Bilateral persistent sciatic artery diagnosed by multidetector-row CT angiography

La Presse Medicale - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mardi 17 decembre 2013

Tamponnade et myocardite aiguë au cours d’un syndrome de Churg-Strauss

INTRODUCTION The successive occurrence of pericardial tamponade and myocarditis during a Churg-Strauss syndrome is exceptionally described. We report a patient in whom pericardial tamponade and myocarditis were the presenting manifestation of a Churg-Strauss syndrome. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old woman was admitted because of alteration of the clinical status with eosinophilia. One month ago, she was hospitalized for a pericardial tamponade treated by pericardial drainage. Acute myocarditis was diagnosed on chest pain during the second hospitalization. The etiologic inquiry ended in the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss complicated with a double cardiac involvement. A good response of clinical and biological anomalies was obtained after corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatment. CONCLUSION Isolated or multiple involvements of cardiac tunics should lead to make diagnosis of systemic vasculitis. A complete initial assessment and a close observation of the patients followed for Churg-Strauss syndrome is imperative to detect a cardiac achievement and set up an early treatment.

Évolution énigmatique d’une association de tuberculose et d’amylose pulmonaire

INTRODUCTION Amyloidosis is characterized by tissue deposits of amyloid material. Secondary amyloidosis can occur as a sequel to pulmonary tuberculosis over a relatively long period. However, this was not the case with our patient. Subsequently we conducted a literature review to try to explain the unusual course of AL amyloidosis in our patient. CASE REPORT A 36- year-old patient was admitted to our department for investigation of haemoptysis. A diagnosis of primary pulmonary tuberculosis was made and antituberculous treatment was started. On the second day of treatment, a haematoma appeared on the sole of the right foot, which spread down to the toes during the following days. Renal investigations showed a 24h proteinuria of 9 g/L and serum protein electrophoresis revealed an albumin level of 11.8 g/L. A diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome was made. A renal biopsy was indicated but this was not possible on account of a marked worsening of the patients condition after 14 days of treatment. The patients level of consciousness deteriorated and he was transferred to the intensive care unit for ventilation. He died 48 hours later. Post-mortem histological examination of pulmonary and cutaneous tissue revealed AL amyloid deposits. CONCLUSION In view of the association of active pulmonary tuberculosis and a pulmonary localisation of amyloidosis, a causal relationship is not definite. Coexistence of active pulmonary tuberculosis and primary amyloidosis must also be considered, particularly as the immunohistochemical characterisation revealed AL amyloidosis.