Ab Wootton

“Requirements capture”: theory and practice

Abstract Monitoring changing customer needs and requirements, along with shorterning product development cycle times, are major concerns for manufacturing companies. Factors which influence these concerns are determined often at the front end of New Product Development (NPD). Approaches to requirements capture were investigated from telecommunications, automotive and IT industries. It was found that the automotive company used market research agencies as an ongoing input into the NPD process, while the computing company was attempting to introduce a cross-disciplinary approach to both idea capture and requirements capture.

Requirements capture as process of technology-market integration.

The front-end of new product development is a major factor in determining the success of the entire development. It can influence not only the attributes of the product, but how well it is targeted to customer needs, the accuracy of the design and manufacturing specification, the time to market and the ultimate cost and quality of the final product. The process of determining the attributes and determinants of a product at the front end is requirements capture. This process is rarely managed well. This paper defines requirements capture as a process of technology acquisition at the front end of the product development process.

Design Against Crime : A Human-Centred Approach to Designing for Safety and Security

Design Against Crime will aid the design profession to meet the challenges presented by the competing needs and complex systems around crime and security. It proposes that designers should use their creative talents to develop innovative solutions to security problems that contribute to the ongoing fight against crime. The authors first explain the Design Against Crime approach to safety and security. They go on to provide practical advice on addressing crime and insecurity within the design process and offer practical examples of design being applied to safety and security problems. They also examine crime victimisation from a global perspective, highlighting the benefits worldwide of reducing opportunities for crime, including issues of national security, such as terrorism. A design-led, human-centred approach provides a way forward that is both aspirational and practical. The book is aimed primarily at design professionals, educators and students interested in safety and security, from all design disciplines, including product design, architecture, service design and communication design. The book should also be read by crime prevention experts, planners, local authorities, managers of urban environments and policymakers. Dr Caroline L. Davey and Andrew B. Wootton are founders and Co-Directors of the Design Against Crime Solution Centre at the University of Salford, UK. Caroline is a qualified Organisational Psychologist and Reader in Design, Innovation & Society in the School of Arts and Media. Andrew is an Industrial Designer and is Senior Research Fellow in Human-Centred Design in the School of Arts and Media.

Integrating crime prevention into urban design and planning

Purpose This paper aims to understand the delivery of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) across Europe – from European-wide procedures through national schemes to effective local strategies. Design/methodology/approach The findings come from a review of published literature and reports, case studies and site visits conducted primarily during COST Action TU1203 (2013-2016). Findings Innovative approaches and methods to integrate crime prevention into urban design, planning and management have been generated by multi-agency partnerships and collaborations at European, national and city levels. Methods and procedures developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Working Group on “Crime Prevention through Urban Planning and Building Design” are pioneering. However, findings show that implementation is best achieved at a local level using methods and procedures tailored to the specific context. Research limitations/implications In-depth research is required to appreciate subtle differences between local approaches and conceptual models developed to better understand approaches and methods. Practical implications Practitioners and academics working to prevent crime benefit from participation in focused, multi-agency collaborations that, importantly, facilitate visits to urban developments, discussions with local stakeholders responsible for delivery “on the ground” and structured and sustained exploration of innovations and challenges. Originality/value The authors hope that this paper will contribute to developing a new direction for CPTED practice and research that builds on significant progress in creating safer environments over previous decades.

Transformation Design: Creating Security and Well-Being

This chapter provides evidence of the value of design in creating improved security and well-being, with reference to work on Design Against Crime at the University of Salford in the UK.