Abdullah Kelkit

Ecotourism Potential and Management of Kavak Delta (Northwest Turkey)

Abstract Wetlands are ecosystems where a high level of biodiversity is found. Being a suitable medium for the nourishment, reproduction, and accommodation of many species of living creatures, wetlands are museums of natural riches, not only of the country where they are located but also of the whole world. Kavak Delta, one of the most important wetlands of Turkey, with coastal dunes and halophilic vegetation as well as being on the north–south bird migration route, provides not only opportunities for coastal tourism but also offers substantial potential for ecotourism. During observations, bird species, especially of the orders Anseriformes, Falconiformes, and Charadriiformes, were identified. Some 14 orders, 39 families, and 124 bird species were spotted in the delta. Also, dune and halophilic plants constitute a rich flora in the delta. In this study, the potential for ecotourism and opportunities for coastal tourism in the area are outlined. Within this context, besides ecotourism activities, such as bird observation, botanic tourism, and angling, the use of beaches for coastal tourism is determined. Various recommendations are made for the optimal use of all tourism opportunities detected in the delta and for enabling sustainable coastal use and management.

Coastal Land Use Planning: A Case Study of Kordonboyu (Çanakkale)

Abstract Turkey is bordered on three sides by the sea and has a long coastline. Çanakkale is one of the most important cities of Turkey, with its natural, cultural, and historical characteristics. With a 750-kilometer-long coastline and the Dardanelles, one of the most important waterways of the world, this part of the country has historically been an attractive area. The Kordonboyu coastal area, ca. 2 kilometers long, is the most important attraction in the city. Located east of the Dardanelles, the study area has always been a center of interest. The aim of this investigation was to determine the negative effects of settlement, industry, trade, or similar activities associated with a rapid increase in city population on the coastal structure of Çanakkale and to provide suggestions for rearrangement studies with sustainable planning approaches. The study was carried out in two stages by collecting and analyzing data. In this study, the factors that affect planning in the city (natural factors, demographic structure of the population, socioeconomic structure) have been inspected. Current land uses in the Kordonboyu coastal area and environs have been analyzed. Also, to determine the inclinations of the people of Çanakkale toward current land use of the research area, a questionnaire was made. Chi square analysis showed that the relationships between age groups and other parameters were significant (p < 0.05). The data taken from the questionnaires show that the Çanakkale community is concerned with land use and has a desire to live in a modern and well-arranged city. For this reason, the local administrations that are in a position to make decisions on land use policy should conduct studies that will take ecological criteria into account.

THE ROLE OF PLANT DESIGNING IN CITY ERGONOMICS: AN EXAMPLE OF CANAKKALE

Custom duty is a kind of tariff arising from the movement of commercial commodities subject to customs which is based on those commodities’quantity and value. It is are a kind of tariff that is a foreign trade and economic policy instrument in addition to its economic, social and fiscal functions. Since they are not collected on regular basis like income tax and corporate tax, as an indirect tariff on expenditures, custom duties are collected only once when commodities subject to foreign trade arrive at the custom. According to the second item of tax procedural law, custom duties are excluded from this law. Therefore, procedures and practises of custom duties are regulated by customs law numbered 4458. Through this law, a systematization has been created beginning with commodities subject to international trade entering customs territories of Turkey and continuing with operation sequence. Like all other taxes, compalsive levels such as assessment, accrual and collecting are regulated by General Directorate of Customs as a part of Customs and Economy Ministry according to Customs Law. Resolution process of disputes over customs duties has a different form from the process of other taxes. Customs duty disputes have to be resolved administratively in the first place. However, in the case of disputes not being solved administratively, legal action can be taken.