Kürşad Demirel

Use of infrared thermography and hyperspectral data to detect effects of water stress on pepper

Abstract Thermal and hyperspectral data can be used to determine non-destructive water stress in agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine water stress not visible to the naked eye, the required threshold to start irrigation, and also to estimate the yield and some physiological traits of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using thermal imaging and hyperspectral data at different water stress levels. A field experiment was conducted in Çanakkale, Turkey in 2013 consisting of four irrigation treatments: full irrigation (100% (non water-stressed)) and three stress levels applying 25, 50, and 75% of full irrigation. The results indicated that pepper yield, chlorophyll content (ChlR), relative water content, and thermal indices and spectral indices were affected adversely by water stress. While none of the spectral indices were able to distinguish statistically the difference between non water-stressed (I-100) and mildly water-stressed (I-75) pepper, all the thermal indices provided acceptable results. According to single variable regression and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, significant relationships were determined between the investigated traits and indices. It was found that pepper is very susceptible to water stress and also that thermal and spectral indices can be used successfully in the determination of water stress.

Çanakkale İli Belediye Sınırları İçerisindeki Peyzaj Alanlarında Sulama Sistemlerinin Projelenmesi ve İşletilmesindeki Hatalar / The False Applications In The Irrigation Design And Management Of Landscape Areas In The Municipilaty Of Çanakkale

OZET : Sulama, peyzaj calismalarindaki temel alt yapi sistemlerinden biridir. Bu calismada, Canakkale Ili Belediye sinirlari icerisinde bulunan 141 adet peyzaj alanindaki sulama sistemleri gorsel olarak incelenmistir. Ayrica, bu peyzaj alanlari icerisinde en buyuk 2. alana sahip olan Halk Bahcesi’ndeki 362 m2’lik parselde yagmurlama sulama sistemi projesi gerceklestirilip, mevcut yontemle karsilastirilmistir. Proje kapsaminda klasik doner tip yagmurlama basligi yerine pop-up puskurtucu ayarlanabilir acili basliklar kullanilarak yeni bir sulama programi olusturulmustur. Gorsel olarak incelenen alanlarda, uygulanan yontemdeki hatalar sonucunda etkin bir sulama yapilmadigi gozlenmistir. Gerceklestirilen proje kapsaminda ise, mevcut kosulda 693 m3 olan toplam mevsimlik sulama suyu miktarinin, projeleme sonucunda 355 m3’e dustugu saptanmistir. Sonuc olarak, bu alanda sulama sisteminin belirli kurallara gore projelenmesi ve uygulanmasi yaklasik % 50’ye varan su tasarrufu saglamis olup, estetik acidan da daha iyi bir goruntunun olusmasi saglanmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Canakkale, Peyzaj, Sulama, Yagmurlama, Pop-up The False Applications In The Irrigation Design And Management Of Landscape Areas In The Municipilaty Of Canakkale ABSTRACT : Irrigation is the fundamental system of landscape architectures. In this study, irrigation systems of 141 landscape areas found in the municipality of Canakkale were examined visually. Among these areas, the one called “Halk Bahcesi” which is the second largest landscape area in Canakkale was taken as a sample and a new sprinkler irrigation system was designed for the size of 362 m2 parcel of it and its efficiency were compared with the previous system used in this landscape area. In spite of using classical rotor sprinkler heads, pop-up spray heads with an adjustable angle used and a new irrigation program was applied. For landscape areas examined visually, it was seen that there were no proper and efficient irrigation because of some wrong applications. As a result of new irrigation system applied for trial area found in “Halk Bahcesi”, the total amount of irrigation water requirement dropped to 355 m3 which was 693 m3 in the previous system. As a consequence, the design and the application of proper irrigation system has both nearly 50 % dropped the total amount of irrigation water requirement and made the view of the landscape area more attractive. Key Words: Canakkale, Landscape, Irrigation, Sprinkler, Pop-up