Abdulvahit Erdem

Effects of semirapid maxillary expansion on conductive hearing loss.

INTRODUCTION Conductive hearing loss is affected by physical changes imposed on the mechanical system of the outer or middle ear. Maxillary expansion can affect conductive hearing loss, and the changes have been investigated with pure-tone audiograms. Semirapid and slow methods of maxillary expansion have some advantages over rapid maxillary expansion, but the effects on conductive hearing loss have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term effects of semirapid maxillary expansion (SRME) with an acrylic bonded appliance on conductive hearing loss by using audiometric and tympanometric records. METHODS The effects of SRME with a bonded appliance were studied in 19 growing subjects who had narrow maxillary arches and conductive hearing loss. Hearing levels were determined with pure-tone audiometric and tympanometric records. Four records were taken from each subject. The first records were taken before SRME, the second after maxillary expansion (mean, 3.4 months later), the third after retention (mean, 6 months later), and the fourth after fixed-appliance treatment (approximately 2 years later). The data were analyzed with ANOVA. The least-significant difference test was also used to determine when the changes in the measurements were significant. RESULTS Hearing improved and air-bone gaps decreased at a statistically significant level after active expansion, and these changes remained relatively stable during the last 2 periods. Middle-ear volume increased at a statistically significant level after maxillary expansion and continued to increase until the end of treatment. No significant change was observed in the static compliance value. CONCLUSIONS SRME treatment has a positive and statistically significant effect on both hearing and normal functioning of the eustachian tubes in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency and conductive hearing loss.

Effects of early unilateral first molar extraction on skeletal asymmetry.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate dental and skeletal asymmetry in patients who had unilateral first molar extractions. METHODS Two study groups were formed according to the location of the extracted first molars. Group I included 25 subjects who had a maxillary permanent first molar extracted (mean age, 18.25 years). Group II included 26 subjects who had a mandibular permanent first molar extracted (mean age, 17.75 years). The control group included 30 subjects with no missing teeth and normal occlusion (mean age, 18.50 years). Dental and skeletal asymmetry values were computed on posteroanterior radiographs for all subjects. Data were analyzed statistically with paired t tests to determine intragroup differences and with ANOVA and Scheffé tests to determine intergroup differences. RESULTS Unilateral first molar extractions caused dental midline deviations in both arches, but this was more prominent in the mandibular arch. Unilateral first molar extraction during growth and development can result in remarkable skeletal asymmetry, especially in the lower third of face. CONCLUSIONS Patients who had early unilateral first molar extraction can have skeletal and dental asymmetries.

Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on Holdaway soft tissue measurements

The objective of the present study was to evaluate short-term soft tissue changes caused by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in 18 subjects (15 females and 3 males) (mean age 13 years 6 months) with a bilateral posterior crossbite. Lateral cephalograms of the patients were obtained at three different time points: before RME (T1), after maxillary expansion (mean = 0.82 month) (T2), and after retention (mean = 5.95 months) (T3). Holdaway soft tissue measurements were used for the evaluation of soft tissue changes. Data were analysed statistically by means of paired t-tests. The facial soft tissue angle decreased (P < 0.05), and H angle and skeletal profile convexity increased significantly (P < 0.001) at T2. During T3, the increase in the facial soft tissue angle and the decrease in H angle were minimal and not significant, while skeletal profile convexity significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that RME may affect Holdaway soft tissue measurements.

Bone Age Assessment: The Applicability of the Greulich–Pyle Method in Eastern Turkish Children

Abstract:  The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the Greulich–Pyle (GP) method is adequate for Turkish children. A group of 767 individuals (425 girls and 342 boys) between 7 and 17 years were studied. Bone age (BA) from plain radiographs of left hands and wrists by GP standards was estimated. The total mean differences between BA and chronological age (CA) for girls and boys were found to be 0.20 and −0.13 years, respectively. There were significant differences between BA and CA in age groups 7‐, 8‐, 10‐, 11‐, 12‐, 13‐, 15‐, and 16‐year‐olds for girls and 7‐, 10‐, and 12‐year‐olds for boys. The results of this study suggest that the mean differences between BA and CA are low enough to be of no practical significance, and thus, for the time being unless any other methods will be proved more useful, this method could be used in all age groups.

Histopathologic investigation of the effects of prostaglandin E2 administered by different methods on tooth movement and bone metabolism

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the in vivo effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) administered by different methods on orthodontic tooth movement and bone metabolism macroscopically, histopatologically, and biochemically. Methods Forty-five young adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 10/group), 1 positive control group (n = 10), and 1 negative control group (n = 5). The experimental rabbits were fitted with springs exerting 20-g reciprocal force on the maxillary incisors and PGE2 (10 µg/mL) was administered by the intravenous, submucosal, or intraligamentous route after appliance insertion and on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 thereafter. All rabbits were sacrificed on day 21 and their premaxillae were resected for histologic evaluation. Results Tooth movement was observed in the experimental and positive control groups, but the intraligamentous PGE2 group had the highest values of all analyzed parameters, including serum calcium and phosphorus levels and osteoclastic and osteoblastic populations (p < 0.001). Conclusions Submucosal and intraligamentous PGE2 administration significantly increases orthodontic tooth movement and bone metabolism, but the intraligamentous route seems to be more effective.

Effects of face mask treatment with and without rapid maxillary expansion in young adult subjects

OBJECTIVES To investigate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects of the face mask (FM) treatment with and without rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in young adult subjects with maxillary retrognathia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs from 32 subjects who had a skeletal Class III malocclusion were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups: FM group (N  =  17; 3 male and 14 female subjects; mean [SD] age 14.47 [0.89] years) was treated with FM only, while the RME+FM group (N  =  15; 3 male and 12 female subjects; mean [SD] age 14.67 [1.28] years) was treated with both FM and RME. Ten cephalometric linear and nine angular variables were measured to assess dentofacial changes. Within-group and between-group comparisons were determined by a paired t-test and Students t-test, respectively. RESULTS Forward displacement of the maxilla and a clockwise rotation of the mandible occurred in both groups. The maxillary-mandibular relationship improved and soft tissue changes resulted in a more convex profile. The maxillary incisors were more proclined in the FM group than in the RME+FM group, the only difference between the two groups. Notably, the mandibular incisors moved backward in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Forward movement of the maxilla can be obtained in young adults after face mask treatment. However, there was no difference in this phenomenon between the FM and RME+FM groups.

Activity of Masseter and Temporal Muscles and Facial and Mandibular Growth: A Case Report

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci, cocukluk doneminde gelisen bilateral komple TME ankilozlu bir eriskin bayan hastanin elektromyografik, klinik ve radyolojik ozelliklerinin rapor edilmesidir. Gerec ve Yontem: 42 yasindaki bayan bir hasta cift tarafli TME ankilozu tanisi koyulmustur. Anamnestik verilere gore, hasta 5 yasinda iken bir travma gecirmis ve bu travmada TME zarar gormustur. Bulgular: Klinik ve radyolojik incelemeler hastada hipoplazik mandibula ve konveks profil, yuz asimetrisi, agzi acamama, dusuk agiz hijyeni, on ve sag posterior dislerin tumunun yoklugu ve TME bolgesin bir kalin kemik kitle ve buna bagli bilateralde komple ankilozun varligini gostermistir. Bu bulgulara ek olarak, hastanin cigneme kaslarindaki electromyografik aktivitenin ankilozdan etkilenmistir. Sonuc: Bu vaka raporunun sonuclari bilateral TME ankilozunun alt cene ve yuz buyumesi ile cigneme kaslarinin motor guclerini etkiledigini gostermektedir.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report electromyographic, clinical and radiological featur es of an adult female patient having bilateral complete TMJ ankylosis that occurred her childhood. Material and Methods: A 42-year old female patient was diagnosed with bilateral complete TMJ ankylosis. According to anamnestic data, TMJ was injured by a trauma when she was 5 years old. Results: Clinical and radiological examinations showed that the patient had hypoplasic mandible and convex profile, facial asymmetry, 0 mm of mouth opening, poor oral hygiene, complete absence of all anterior and right posterior teeth, and a huge bone block in both TMJ area and ankylosis of both TMJs. In addition to these finding, electromyographic activities of masticatory muscles affected from TMJ ankylosis. Conclusion: The findings of the present case report showed that bilateral TMJ ankylosis has potential negative effects on facial and mandibular growth and motor outputs (EMG values) of masticatory muscles.

Edgewise Teknikle Tedavi Edilen Bireylerde Tedavi Öncesi ve Sonrası Sefalometrik Ölçümlerin İncelenmesi

OZET: Bu calismada, Angle Sinif I anomalili 12 ve Angle Sinif II, 1 anomalili 12 olmak uzere, toplam 24 olgunun tedavi oncesi ve sonrasina ait sefalometrik degisimleri incelendi. Edgewise teknik ile, alt ve ust cenede cekim yapilarak tedavi edilen bu olgularda, hem sinif I ve hem de sinif II, 1 anomalili bireylerde onemli dissel, iskeletsel ve yumusak doku degisimleri bulundu.

Röntgenografik Sefalometrik Çizim ve Ölçüm Hataları

OZET: Bu calismada, bircok parametrenin ortak olarak kullanildigi ve daha once yapilmis uc farkli arastirmaya ait, 30 sefalornetrik film incelenerek iki gruba ayrildi. Birinci grupta, iki arastirmada ortak olarak kullanilan 23 parametre karsilastirilirken, ikinci grupta ise, uc arastirmayi da kapsayan 9 parametre karsilastirildi. Istatistiksel degerlendirmede, birinci grup icin “eslestirilmis t testi” ikinci grup icin “varyans analizi” kullanildi. Sonucta, bircok parametre arastiricilar arasinda onemli degiskenlik gosterirken, bazi parametreler onemli farklilik gostermedi.

On-Onbir Yaş Grubundaki Çocuklarda Kemik Yaşı, Boy ve Ağırlık Artışı ile Sefalometrik Ölçümler Arasındaki İlişkiler*

OZET Bu calismada, on-onbir yas arasindaki 34 kiz ve 32 erkek toplam 66 cocugun 1 yil arayla boylari ile agirliklari olculerek, el-bilek ve sefalometrik filmleri cekildi. Her bir yil icin, kemik yasi tayini ile bazi acisal ve boyutsal olcumler yapildi. Ikinci yil olcumlerinden birinci yil olcumleri cikartilarak, olcum farklari bulundu. Kemik yasi, boy ve agirlik farklari ile secilen sefalometrik olcum farklari arasinda korelasyon analizi uygulanarak karsilikli iliskiler arastirildi. Saptanan korelasyon (r) katsayilarinin “t testi” ile onemlilik duzeyi belirtildi. Bazi iliskiler istatistiksel olarak onemli bulunurken, bir cok iliski onemsiz bulundu.