Abhishek Thakur

Arduino based automatic wireless weather station with remote graphical application and alerts

In this paper we have proposed, developed and tested a hardware module based on Arduino Uno Board and Zigbee wireless technology, which measures the meteorological data, including air temperature, dew point temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction. This information is received by a specially designed application interface running on a PC connected through Zigbee wireless link. The proposed system is also a mathematical model capable of generating short time local alerts based on the current weather parameters. It gives an on line and real time effect. We have also compared the data results of the proposed system with the data values of Meteorological Station Chandigarh and Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment Chandigarh Laboratory. The results have come out to be very precise. The idea behind to this work is to monitor the weather parameters, weather forecasting, condition mapping and warn the people from its disastrous effects.

A parametric analysis of ground slotted patch antenna for X-band applications

In the recent years, the demand for low profile, low cost and high performance antennas has increased due to rapid development of communication systems. This paper presents a parametric study on ground slotted microstrip patch antenna for X-band applications. In order to reduce the size of the proposed antenna, slots have been introduced on the patch and ground plane. Therefore the total size of the proposed antenna is 30mm × 32mm, which is suitable to be operated for satellite communication and radar applications. A parametric study has been performed on various parameters such as radius of the circular slots, length and width of rectangular slots and thickness of dielectric substrate. After studying the various effects of these parameters, a better design for X-band applications has been proposed and analyzed. The final proposed antenna covers a bandwidth of 2.47 GHz in X-band frequency range. An overall gain of 7.92 dB can be observed from the design.

A parametric analysis of small Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for USB dongle applications

The investigation proposes a parametric study of Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongle application. The purpose of the parametric analysis is to design a compact antenna for USB device. The dimensions of the proposed antenna is 44mm × 25mm. Therefore it can be easily positioned in wireless USB devices. The parametric analysis is performed on length of ground plane, length and width of ground slot and length of shorting plate to optimize the antenna for best results. The proposed antenna covers 4G LTE (2.3-2.4 GHz) and (2.5-2.7 GHz), Bluetooth (2.4-2.48 GHz), WLAN 802.11 (2.4-2485 GHz) and WiMAX (3.4-3.6 GHz) frequency bands. The antenna is designed and simulated using High Frequency Structure Software (HFSS).

A small patch antenna for UHF RFID reader devices

In this paper a small & compact patch antenna having diagonally symmetrical slots is presented which is to be used in RFID reader devices. There is center cross slots of unequal lengths along with two circular & square slots which are present on the diagonal axes of the top radiating patch. These slots helped in achieving a small size antenna for UHF RFID handheld reader devices. The coaxial feed is used to excite the radiating patch of the antenna. The overall bandwidth coverage of the proposed antenna is 21 MHz (920.9 MHz-941.1 MHz). The overall size of antenna is 56 χ 56 × 1.6 mm3.

Design of a low return loss Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for 4G & WLAN applications loaded with Metamaterial lens

In this paper, an antenna for 4G and WLAN devices is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed using Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) structure. The antenna uses Rogers Duroid 5880 as a dielectric substrate and metallic ground plane. The dimensions of the top patch are 18.5 mm × 18.5 mm and thus making it a low profile antenna. The designed antenna covers WLAN (2.4-2.48 GHz) & 4G LTE (2300-2400 MHz & 2500-2690 MHz) communication standards. The overall volume occupied by the proposed antenna is 44mm × 20mm × 3.8mm. Metamaterial superstate is also analyzed which enhances the gain and bandwidth of the proposed antenna significantly. The antenna is designed and simulated using High Structure Frequency Simulator (HFSS).

H-IECBR: HBO based-Improved Energy Efficient Chain Based Routing protocol in WSN

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network of various tiny nodes which are mostly deployed in the remote areas to monitor the environmental attributes like temperature, humidity etc. In this paper we have optimized the routing path in IECBR (Improved Energy Efficient Chain Based Routing) protocol which is one of the most recent techniques based on PEGASIS (Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System). We have used Honey Bee Optimization (HBO) technique to select the next node which is to be added for the chain construction for the data transmission from the network to the base station. The energy and distance are the two parameters which are exploited as optimization parameters. It is evident from the simulation results that the H-IECBR (Honey bee optimization based IECBR) improves the first node dead by 56 % and network lifetime by 116% as compare to the IECBR. The proposed protocol H-IECBR is favorite to the applications where the network area is not scalable due to some inevitable constraints.

Enhanced Steganographic Method Preserving Base Quality of Information Using LSB, Parity and Spread Spectrum Technique

In order to protect the data on internet from hackers, it is necessary to secure systems to send data safely. For having this security, audio steganography, using multilevel simple embedding technique is used. The main concept in our approach is to use three methods of audio steganography on a single audio file instead of using single method. Basic approach of this paper is to hide three messages in a single audio file. By using this technique host message before steganography and after steganography remains the same. In this paper, we calculate capacity and bit error rate (BER) at different bit indices and we improve bit error rate by applying multilevel technique. Average value of BER of previous technique (i.e. audio steganography using bit modification) is 0.7645 and BER of proposed technique is 0.6354, which is less than the previous one.

Ameliorating the Performance of a Planar Inverted F Antenna by Minimization of Losses

This paper aims at designing a wideband planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). The design of a PIFA begins with an elementary step such as the etching of antenna element pattern in a metal trace. After the etching adherence is developed by incorporating bonding between it and a printed circuit board which is primarily an insulating dielectric substrate. A ground plane is developed by a prolonging metallic layer which is adhered to the opposite side of the substrate. The simulation is done using ANSYS HFSS full wave 3D simulation software. The proposed PIFA is very compact and also provides a gain of 2.86 dB. As a consequence of the exemplary feature like an omnidirectional radiation pattern, there is an exceptional improvement in coverage. Moreover, the frequency bands covered by the PIFA are for applications including USPCS, UMTS, ISM/ Bluetooth and WLAN at (1.85 to 1.99)GHz, (1.90 to 2.20)GHz, (2.4 to 2.485)GHz and (5.1 to 5.90)GHz, respectively.

A wideband planar inverted F antenna for wireless communication devices

In this paper a low profile and wideband Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for handheld and wireless communication devices is presented. The antenna shows a wide range of frequency from 1.35 GHz to 2.51 GHz with improved impedance matching covering GPS, DCS, PCS, 3G, 4G and WLAN/Bluetooth bands with VSWR <; 2. The size of top patch of the proposed antenna is 25 mm × 15 mm which makes it compact and a promising candidate for wireless communication devices. The antenna is designed and simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) Software and shows good gain with Omni-directional radiation pattern.

A small size wideband planar inverted-F antenna for USB dongle devices

In this paper a small size wideband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed which operates at 4G LTE (2.3–2.4 GHz) and (2.5–2.7 GHz), Bluetooth/WLAN (2.4–2485 GHz) and WiMAX (3.4–3.6 GHz) range. The proposed antenna has many advantages like small size and wide operation bandwidth. The antenna portion has dimensions as 20mm * 18mm and the overall dimensions are 44mm * 25mm * 0.8mm which can be easily implemented in USB dongle. Simulated and measured results are in good match and the results are also compared with already implemented design available in literature.