Hardeep Singh Saini

Arduino based automatic wireless weather station with remote graphical application and alerts

In this paper we have proposed, developed and tested a hardware module based on Arduino Uno Board and Zigbee wireless technology, which measures the meteorological data, including air temperature, dew point temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction. This information is received by a specially designed application interface running on a PC connected through Zigbee wireless link. The proposed system is also a mathematical model capable of generating short time local alerts based on the current weather parameters. It gives an on line and real time effect. We have also compared the data results of the proposed system with the data values of Meteorological Station Chandigarh and Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment Chandigarh Laboratory. The results have come out to be very precise. The idea behind to this work is to monitor the weather parameters, weather forecasting, condition mapping and warn the people from its disastrous effects.

A parametric analysis of ground slotted patch antenna for X-band applications

In the recent years, the demand for low profile, low cost and high performance antennas has increased due to rapid development of communication systems. This paper presents a parametric study on ground slotted microstrip patch antenna for X-band applications. In order to reduce the size of the proposed antenna, slots have been introduced on the patch and ground plane. Therefore the total size of the proposed antenna is 30mm × 32mm, which is suitable to be operated for satellite communication and radar applications. A parametric study has been performed on various parameters such as radius of the circular slots, length and width of rectangular slots and thickness of dielectric substrate. After studying the various effects of these parameters, a better design for X-band applications has been proposed and analyzed. The final proposed antenna covers a bandwidth of 2.47 GHz in X-band frequency range. An overall gain of 7.92 dB can be observed from the design.

A parametric analysis of small Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for USB dongle applications

The investigation proposes a parametric study of Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongle application. The purpose of the parametric analysis is to design a compact antenna for USB device. The dimensions of the proposed antenna is 44mm × 25mm. Therefore it can be easily positioned in wireless USB devices. The parametric analysis is performed on length of ground plane, length and width of ground slot and length of shorting plate to optimize the antenna for best results. The proposed antenna covers 4G LTE (2.3-2.4 GHz) and (2.5-2.7 GHz), Bluetooth (2.4-2.48 GHz), WLAN 802.11 (2.4-2485 GHz) and WiMAX (3.4-3.6 GHz) frequency bands. The antenna is designed and simulated using High Frequency Structure Software (HFSS).

A small patch antenna for UHF RFID reader devices

In this paper a small & compact patch antenna having diagonally symmetrical slots is presented which is to be used in RFID reader devices. There is center cross slots of unequal lengths along with two circular & square slots which are present on the diagonal axes of the top radiating patch. These slots helped in achieving a small size antenna for UHF RFID handheld reader devices. The coaxial feed is used to excite the radiating patch of the antenna. The overall bandwidth coverage of the proposed antenna is 21 MHz (920.9 MHz-941.1 MHz). The overall size of antenna is 56 χ 56 × 1.6 mm3.

Design of a low return loss Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for 4G & WLAN applications loaded with Metamaterial lens

In this paper, an antenna for 4G and WLAN devices is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed using Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) structure. The antenna uses Rogers Duroid 5880 as a dielectric substrate and metallic ground plane. The dimensions of the top patch are 18.5 mm × 18.5 mm and thus making it a low profile antenna. The designed antenna covers WLAN (2.4-2.48 GHz) & 4G LTE (2300-2400 MHz & 2500-2690 MHz) communication standards. The overall volume occupied by the proposed antenna is 44mm × 20mm × 3.8mm. Metamaterial superstate is also analyzed which enhances the gain and bandwidth of the proposed antenna significantly. The antenna is designed and simulated using High Structure Frequency Simulator (HFSS).

D-MSEP: Distance Incorporated Modified Stable Election Protocol in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

The nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks are communicating wirelessly and their energies are depleted in the communication among themselves or with the Base Station (BS). In order to save their energies, various heterogeneous routing protocols have been discovered. In this paper, we have proposed D-MSEP (Distance incorporated Modified Stable Election Protocol) which is an improved version of M-SEP (Modified Stable Election Protocol) as it incorporates the distance factor in probabilistic formula of Cluster Head selection in each cluster. The inclusion of distance factor helps in avoidance of Cluster Head selection farther from the BS. This leads to saving of huge amount of energy leading to the escalated stability period by 32 and 173.38% as compared to the M-SEP protocol. In addition to this, the network lifetime is enhanced by 56.20% as compared to M-SEP. The proposed protocol is best suitable for large area applications to disseminate the information from the network.

Signal Equalization in MIMO-OFDM Based Sensor Network System

Signal equalization is a most prominent topic to the research world. Equalization is done in order to remove the distortions from the signals at the receiver side which occurs at the time of data transmission. Many equalization techniques had been developed from last few years, zero forcing equalization is one of the equalizers which is widely used to equalize the signals. But the problem of this equalization is that it weakens the signals at receiver side. The paper proposes a new hybrid approach achieving strong and signals free of errors at receiver side. This technique also targets reduction of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) for signals. The implementation results explain the proficiency of the proposed work in an effective manner.

Optimal design of PID controllers for time delay systems using genetic algorithm and simulated annealing

In this paper, optimal design of PID controllers has been proposed for time delay systems using various soft computing algorithms. Time delay systems exist in several real world applications, and the delay is generally caused by the time taken by the sensor to sense the parameter, communication delay etc. Hence such characteristics lead to instabilities and make it difficult to control the system. Classical control theory methods fail for designing stable controller time delay systems. So, in order to address this problem, in this paper, the design of PID controller has been posed as an optimization problem and solved using genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. As per the obtained results, the designed controllers offer a stable response.

Ameliorating the Performance of a Planar Inverted F Antenna by Minimization of Losses

This paper aims at designing a wideband planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). The design of a PIFA begins with an elementary step such as the etching of antenna element pattern in a metal trace. After the etching adherence is developed by incorporating bonding between it and a printed circuit board which is primarily an insulating dielectric substrate. A ground plane is developed by a prolonging metallic layer which is adhered to the opposite side of the substrate. The simulation is done using ANSYS HFSS full wave 3D simulation software. The proposed PIFA is very compact and also provides a gain of 2.86 dB. As a consequence of the exemplary feature like an omnidirectional radiation pattern, there is an exceptional improvement in coverage. Moreover, the frequency bands covered by the PIFA are for applications including USPCS, UMTS, ISM/ Bluetooth and WLAN at (1.85 to 1.99)GHz, (1.90 to 2.20)GHz, (2.4 to 2.485)GHz and (5.1 to 5.90)GHz, respectively.

Q-Leach protocol using intermediate gateway nodes for WSN

Networks that do not include use of any wires or any physical links are referred to as wireless networks. Node deployment is done in the network that is known as sensor nodes, the responsibility or the task of these nodes is to enable communication in the network. These nodes have some energy value on which the performance of network depends like more the residual energy of nodes, more the network lifetime. The network performance also depends on the round for which first dead node is obtained and the round for which last alive node is achieved. Much advancement has been done in the field of energy efficient protocols to improve the energy efficiency of network. Clustering process was introduced and then techniques for Cluster head selection were developed and still more to come. Two most considered factors for designing energy efficient protocols are distance between the nodes and the energy value of nodes. The conventional protocols like LEACH, HEED, DEEC and QLEACH are designed for improving the energy efficiency in WSNs. The effort in the paper is proposing one such protocol for improving energy efficiency and lifetime of WSNs and this protocol is an enhanced form of QLEACH protocol. The gateway node is introduced in proposed technique for reducing the energy consumption& the distance of nodes. The results are demonstrated and proved using MATLAB. The result section represents the proficiency of the implemented work by demonstrating it using comparison graphs.