Abut Kebudi

The comparison of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and three port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: prospective randomized study

Purpose Laparoscopic techniques have allowed surgeons to perform complicated intra-abdominal surgery with minimal trauma. Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was developed with the aim of reducing the invasiveness of conventional laparoscopy. In this study we aimed to compare results of SILS cholecystectomy and three port conventional laparoscopic (TPCL) cholecystectomy prospectively. Methods In this prospective study, 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease were randomly allocated to SILS cholecystectomy (group 1) or TPCL cholecystectomy (group 2). Demographics, pathologic diagnosis, operating time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, complications, pain score, conversion rate, and satisfaction of cosmetic outcome were recorded. Results Forty-four SILS cholesystectomies (88%) and 42 TPCL cholecystectomies (84%) were completed successfully. Conversion to open surgery was required for 4 cases in group 1 and 6 cases in group 2. Operating time was significantly longer in group 1 compared with group 2 (73 minutes vs. 48 minutes; P < 0.05). Higher pain scores were observed in group 1 versus group 2 in postoperative day 1 (P < 0.05). There was higher cosmetic satisfaction in group 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion SILS cholecystectomy performed by experienced surgeons is at least as successful, feasible, effective and safe as a TPCL cholecystectomy. Surgeons performing SILS should have a firm foundation of advanced minimal access surgical skills and a cautious, gradated approach to attempt the various procedures. Prospective randomized studies comparing single access versus conventional multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with large volumes and long-term follow-up, are needed to confirm our initial experience. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01772745.)

Is the Use of a Drain for Thyroid Surgery Realistic? A Prospective Randomized Interventional Study

Background. The use of a suction drain in thyroid surgery is common practice in order to avoid hematomas or seromas. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of routine drainage after thyroid surgery. Methods. In this prospective randomized trial, 400 patients who underwent either a total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for thyroid disorders were randomly allocated to either the nondrainage (group 1) or the drainage (group 2) group. The volume of fluid collection in the operative bed, postoperative pain, complications, and length of hospital stay were then recorded. Results. Both groups were homogeneous according to age, gender, thyroid volume, type of procedure performed, and histopathological diagnosis. After assessment by USG, no significant difference was found between the groups in the fluid collection of the thyroid bed (P = 0.117), but the length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in group 1 (P = 0.004). Conclusions. In our experience, the use of drain for thyroid surgery is not a routine procedure. However, it should be used in the presence of extensive dead space, particularly when there is retrosternal or intrathoracic extension, or when the patient is on anticoagulant treatment. This trial was registered with clinical Trials.gov NCT01771523.

A rare cause of intestinal obstruction: incarcerated femoral hernia, strangulated obturator hernia

Obturator hernia may occur bilaterally in association with another hernia, which is usually of the femoral type. We present a 77-year-old-woman who had abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting together with swelling of the right groin for 3 days. Incarcerated right femoral hernia and consequent mechanical small-bowel obstruction was diagnosed, and urgent operation was undertaken. As the incarcerated femoral hernia reduced spontaneously during the induction of anesthesia, a lower median incision was performed. During exploration, the real cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction was found to be a small intestinal loop strangulated in the left obturator hernia. Right femoral and left obturator hernia were repaired with preperitoneal polypropylene mesh. If there is enough time and general condition of the older patient is suitable, further diagnostic techniques for concomitant obturator hernias may be useful in patients who present with signs of incarcerated inguinal hernia and intestinal obstruction.

The role of pre-operative B mode ultrasound in the evaluation of the axillary lymph node metastases in the initial staging of breast carcinoma.

Abstract The lymph node status of a breast cancer is one of the main prognostic criterias. This status is very important to determine the therapeutic approach. Physical examination alone is not sufficient to assess axillary metastases. Mammographic examination can give us an idea about breast cancer and axillary involvement. Ultrasonographic evaluation can improve the sensitivity of clinical and mammographic examination in assessing axillary lymph node status. 42 patients operated on for breast cancer between January 2000-January 2003 were included in this prospective study. In the study, we used axillary B mode ultrasound to evaluate the axillary lymph nodes. There are several sonographic features to categorize them. Axillary B mode ultrasound was performed to evaluate the axillary lymph nodes for metastatic involvement. In the evaluation of lymph nodes, the sonographic criteria were centric echogenity, thickening of cortex, length/width ratio (L/W) and the diameter of lymph nodes. Hyperechogenic hilus was accepted as a benign finding. The thickening of the cortex less than 50% of the thickening of the centric echogenic hilus was also accepted as a benign finding. L/W ratio below 2 and parameters above 2 cm were accepted as malignant findings. 168 lymph nodes in 42 patients were evaluated pre-operatively with axillary B mode ultrasound. As a result, these lymph nodes were defined as benign in 19 patients (45.2%) and malignant in 23 patients (54.8%). Axillary lymph node status was found as benign in 18 patients (42.9%) and malignant in 24 patients (57.1%) pathologically. Comparative results of ultrasound and axillary lymph node status can be seen on Table III. As a result, the sensitivity of axillary B mode ultrasound to show the metastases was found as 79.1%, specificity was 77.7%, positive predictive value 82.6% and negative predictive value 73.6%. We think some better results may be obtained in the future and these developments may affect the surgeon’s decisions concerning axillary dissection for breast cancer operations.

The Emerging Role of National Academies in Surgical Training: An Inspiring Environment for Increasing the Quality of Health Care in Breast Cancer Management

Medical education, both graduate and postgraduate, is given at medical schools and affiliated teaching hospitals. The training at these institutions is necessary and valuable. In each field of the medical profession, the relevant science is being developed and changed constantly. Training of medical staff and auxilliary professionals must be adaptable to changes in the field. Also, the development of standards for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is important. Independent institutions, called academies, serve an extremely useful task in the continuing further training that needs to be adjusted according to individual needs. Academies are independent and free from bureaucracies. Standardized records are uniform and comparable at these institutions. Both patients and medical staff receive training from these institutions. In this way, a high standard is provided in medicine, error rates are decreased and patient satisfaction is increased. Breast cancer, the most common tumor in women, is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality. The European Institute of Oncology (EIO) in Milan, Italy and the European Academy of Senology in Duesseldorf, Germany play important roles in establishing the standards of breast care. They provide substantial training for physicians to achieve high quality in breast cancer management. SENATURK (Senoloji Akademisi, Turkish Academy of Senology) was established in 2010 in Istanbul, Turkey. Both national and international scientists and physicians including eminent senologists are currently faculty members of this young organization. SENATURK collaborates with other institutions in Europe. Its missions include developing training programs for each level of the profession, as well as developing data recording systems and electronic learning tools for breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and palliation. Briefly, SENATURK plays a significant role as the opinion leader on every aspect of health care related to conditions and diseases of the breast.

Bilateral Nipple Leiomyoma

Cutaneous leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms of the skin. They arise from vascular, arrector pili, genital, and areolar smooth muscles. The most common localizations of cutaneous leiomyomas are the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the trunk. To our knowledge, only few cases of one-sided nipple leiomyomas have been reported, but two-sided nipple leiomyomas have not been presented. For the first time, here, we report a bilateral nipple leiomyoma.

The Safety and Accuracy of Sentinel-Node Biopsy in Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer—Turkish Experience

The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the correlation of sentinel lymph node (SLN) and axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in early-stage invasive breast cancer in a single institution. One hundred and fifteen patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer first underwent SLND followed by an appropriate surgical procedure (modified radical mastectomy, lumpectomy + axillary dissection, simple mastectomy + mammoplasty). In this series, a radioactive agent (technetium) was used to investigate the sentinel lymph node/nodes. In 28 (24.3%) patients, metastases were found in both SLN and axillary dissections. There were no metastases in either of these procedures in 69 (60%) patients. SLN metastasis was found in 13 (11.3%) patients, but no axillary metastasis was found. No skip metastasis was detected. Five patients in whom the sentinel node was not found were also negative for axillary metastasis. As the studies progress in this direction, it might be possible to avoid axillary dissection in patients with early breast cancer in whom metastasis in SLN cannot be detected. We believe this will reduce morbidity from breast cancer surgeries.

Prospective randomized comparison of oral sodium phosphate and sennoside A+B calcium lavage for colonoscopy preparation.

Purpose The aim of this study is to assess 2 different bowel-cleansing agents. Methods The patients were prospectively randomized to 2 arms of sodium phosphate versus Sennoside A+B calcium preparation. Laboratory assessment, body weight, height, and vital signs were obtained at baseline and before colonoscopy. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by the patients. The time taken to complete the colonoscopy and the segment of the colon examined were recorded. Results The patients in the Sennoside A+B calcium group were more comfortable with the taste of the solution. Patients using sodium phosphate faced more nausea and significantly lower Ca levels and P values. The pulse rate was significantly higher in this group. Patients in the sennoside group had better grades of bowel cleansing in sigmoid and descending segments of the colon. Conclusions Sennoside A+B calcium is more effective in some of the colonic segmental cleansing, causes fewer changes on serum electrolyte levels, and is better tolerated.

Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a relatively uncommon highly malignant tumor originating from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland having a poor prognosis. It accounts for 2–5% of all thyroid carcinomas, and patients typically present with a rapidly growing anterior neck mass with aggressive symptoms. A 66-year-old male presented with dyspnea, neck pain, and voice changes. Ultrasonographic neck examination demonstrated an enlarged thyroid gland and substernal extension of the right thyroid lobe. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) from the thyroid nodule biopsy showed benign cytology. Because of symptomatic disease and radiologic malignancy doubt, operation has been done. Histopathologic examination with frozen section demonstrated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. After total thyroidectomy, the patient is discharged. The patient died 20 days after the start of systemic treatment because of septic multiorgan failure derived from bronchopneumonic lung infection. In the evaluation of sudden growing neck masses in elderly patients, anaplastic thyroid cancer should be considered as a differential diagnosis, even if the needle biopsy is normal.

Non-spesifik karın ağrısı bulunan hastalarda kolonoskopik incelemenin yeri

Hastaların NSKA grubunda olup olmadığına karar vermek ciddi bir problemdir. Öncelikli olarak akut karın dışlanmalıdır. Bunu yapabilmek için fizik muayene sonrası pek çok laboratuar tetkiki ve radyolojik inceleme gereklidir. Karın ağrısının altında yatan patolojiyi ortaya koymak bazen uzun süreli takip gerektirir ve yine de altta yatan bir hastalığın atlanma olasılığı mevcuttur. De Dombal (3), 50 yaş üzeri NSKA ile başvuran hastalarda %10 sindirim sistemi malignitesi geliştiğini bildirmiştir.