Abuzer Acar

Do the goats play a role in the spread of IBR infection under field conditions

AFB1 causes public health hazards by affecting 25% of worlds food crops. For optimum production performance from poultry, proper detoxification of AFB1 in feed is mandatory. This study was designed to analyze the chemical detoxification potential of four commercially available toxin binders (activated charcoal, kaolin, vitamin E and selenium, myco-AD) in experimental quails fed with AFB1 added diets. For this purpose, 360 quail birds (divided in 6 groups) were reared in experimental conditions. Positive and negative control groups were fed basal diet and basal diet with 0.5mg/kg AFB1, respectively. Treatment groups were fed 4 different experimental diets with 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1 contamination and chemical binders added according to recommended dose rate. Growth parameters (feed intake, body weight gain &feed conversion ratio), hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total leukocyte count), immune response and histopathology of soft organs (liver, kidney, lungs) of all the experimental birds were weekly recorded for 6 weeks and results were analyzed by Repeated Measure of ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results showed significant reduction in all the deleterious effects of AFB1 in all the tested parameters during the course of study. All the toxin binders brought significant changes (P < 0.05) in tested parameters. The active ingredient of Myco AD (Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, HSCAS) and Vitamin E and selenium were found as better detoxifying agent among the toxin binders used in this study. This study reports the success of commercially available toxin binders as chemical detoxification agent for the quails, an emerging protein source in thickly populated developing countries.At the world level, the camel farming is changing in many countries in relationship with 3 main drivers: The market integration of the camel products in a globalized and more urbanized world, the climatic changes leading to a scarcity of the natural resources and consequently to the intensification of camel production, and the growing interest for the camel products (especially milk and meat) due to their dietetic and medicinal properties (true or expected). Especially, the intensification of camel farming (in-door feeding, use of biotechnology of reproduction, milking machine, etc.) has a significant impact on the health status of the animal. Among the changes induced by the modern farming system, we can list the followings: The change from poor nutritive but diversified feeding in desert to monotonous but rich diet (energy-protein) with a decrease in the mobility; the early weaning of the camel calf for getting the milk; the concentration of the animals, formerly poorly gregarious and the use of techniques (for example milking machine) based on cows management not necessary adapted to camel. Those changes could lead to the increasing risk of metabolic diseases, to the emergence of “diseases of production” (infertility, mastitis), and to a large dissemination of parasitic diseases (as mange for example). Face to these changes, the veterinarian has to develop investigations or specific approaches (like Ecopathology) to document the health status of the camels in this new context. Some examples are given in the present communication.The objectives of this study were, to find the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes from a total of 116 chicken meat samples including 50 carcasses and 66 meat parts marketed in Turkey between 2008 and 2009 using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) based cultivation technique, to detect the hlyA gene for the verification of the isolates by PCR, and to identify the genoserotypes of the L. monocytogenes isolates by multiplex PCR assay. In the study, 51 L. monocytogenes colonies were isolated from 34 (29.3%) chicken meat samples (eleven [22.0%] carcasses and 23 [34.8%] pieces of meat) by IMS based cultivation technique and confirmed by PCR. According to the multiplex PCR results, all the 51 isolates were identified as genoserotype IIa (1/2a or 3a). L. monocytogenes isolates were also tested for their susceptibility to eight antibiotic (gentamicin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, penicillin G, erythromycin) agents using the disk diffusion method. 14 isolates (27.45%) were susceptible to all eight antimicrobials drugs tested and the remaining 37 isolates (72.54%) were resistant to gentamicin (one isolate, 1.96%), vancomycin (four isolates, 7.84%), penicillin G (six isolates, 11.76%), streptomycin (nine isolates, 17.64%; resistant or intermediate), tetracycline (seven isolates, 13.72%) and ampicillin (six isolates, 11.76%). This study showed that antimicrobial resistance is not highly prevalent in L. monocytogenes isolated from chicken carcasses and pieces of meat. The presence of L. monocytogenes in chicken samples suggests an importance of this pathogen in chicken.